全文获取类型
| 收费全文 | 2898篇 |
| 免费 | 155篇 |
| 国内免费 | 9篇 |
专业分类
| 3062篇 |
出版年
| 2025年 | 5篇 |
| 2024年 | 52篇 |
| 2023年 | 80篇 |
| 2022年 | 41篇 |
| 2021年 | 52篇 |
| 2020年 | 131篇 |
| 2019年 | 230篇 |
| 2018年 | 168篇 |
| 2017年 | 193篇 |
| 2016年 | 163篇 |
| 2015年 | 118篇 |
| 2014年 | 168篇 |
| 2013年 | 447篇 |
| 2012年 | 79篇 |
| 2011年 | 78篇 |
| 2010年 | 41篇 |
| 2009年 | 53篇 |
| 2008年 | 108篇 |
| 2007年 | 107篇 |
| 2006年 | 83篇 |
| 2005年 | 101篇 |
| 2004年 | 82篇 |
| 2003年 | 74篇 |
| 2002年 | 60篇 |
| 2001年 | 50篇 |
| 2000年 | 38篇 |
| 1999年 | 32篇 |
| 1998年 | 30篇 |
| 1997年 | 27篇 |
| 1996年 | 25篇 |
| 1995年 | 26篇 |
| 1994年 | 18篇 |
| 1993年 | 25篇 |
| 1992年 | 15篇 |
| 1991年 | 23篇 |
| 1990年 | 11篇 |
| 1989年 | 3篇 |
| 1988年 | 4篇 |
| 1987年 | 1篇 |
| 1986年 | 2篇 |
| 1981年 | 2篇 |
| 1980年 | 2篇 |
| 1977年 | 6篇 |
| 1976年 | 5篇 |
| 1975年 | 3篇 |
排序方式： 共有3062条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
961.
962.
This article reports a validity study of History Assessments of Thinking (HATs), which are short, constructed-response assessments of historical thinking. In particular, this study focuses on aspects of cognitive validity, which is an examination of whether assessments tap the intended constructs. Think-aloud interviews with 26 high school students were used to examine the thinking elicited by 8 HATs and multiple-choice versions of these tasks. Results showed that although both HATs and multiple-choice items tapped historical thinking processes, HATs better reflected student proficiency in historical thinking than their multiple-choice counterparts. Item format also influenced the thinking elicited, with multiple-choice items eliciting more instances of construct-irrelevant reasoning than the constructed-response versions. Implications for history assessment are discussed. 相似文献
963.
Jennifer M. Taylor Alexandra Z. Kolaski Hannah Wright Halleh Hashtpari Greg J. Neimeyer 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2019,32(2):169-185
What might the field of counseling psychology in the United States of America look like 10 years from now? In a Delphi Poll, an expert panel, consisting of 28 training directors from APA-accredited counseling psychology programs, made predictions regarding the future of counseling psychology 10 years from now in relation to three domains (core features, research and training, and professional training) and 32 specific areas within those domains. The strongest core feature of counseling psychology was viewed as a continuing commitment to issues of diversity (M = 4.64, SD = .63); the research and training theme predicted to attract the most attention in the next 10 years was a commitment to evidence-based practice (M = 4.71, SD = 1.20); and the professional training theme predicted to gain the greatest focus was attention to professional competence (M = 4.43, SD = .65). Results were compared with a previous Delphi Poll conducted in 2001, and recommendations are outlined for future research designed to contribute to the ongoing development of the field of counseling psychology. 相似文献
964.
Al Makin 《Islam & Christian-Muslim Relations》2019,30(1):87-104
This article explores the idea of ‘Milah Abraham’, a term used and advocated by Ahmad Mushaddeq and Mahful Muis, the founders of Gafatar (Gerakan Fajar Nusantara/Archipelagic Dawn Movement). Mahful Muis, a prominent companion of Mushaddeq, has written many works about the idea of the religion of Abraham. This article answers the questions of how the idea of Milah Abraham emerged, and what are the implications of its emergence in the context of plural Indonesian Islam. Based on interviews and the written works of both Gafatar leaders, this study explores the idea of the religion of Abraham and how it can go beyond Judaism, Christianity and Islam to a new spirituality that combines the three religious traditions. The idea of Milah Abraham not only offers a new syncretism in the context of plural Indonesian Islam, but also challenges the establishment of Islamic orthodoxy in the country. Since the 1970s, the idea of returning to the religion of Abraham has contributed to the discussion of pluralism among many Indonesian Muslim intellectuals. 相似文献
965.
Ferhat Yöney 《Islam & Christian-Muslim Relations》2019,30(4):413-433
ABSTRACTIn 1980, George F. Hourani and, more recently in 2010, Mariam al-Attar argued that Islam is not compatible with divine command theory. They rehearsed some standard objections (namely the objectivity of morality, divine goodness, moral knowledge) targeted against meta-ethical divine command theory taking the Qur’an into consideration, and argued that it should be discarded from an Islamic point of view. In addition, they criticized divine command theory since it involves obedience to God and, therefore, does not allow moral reasoning but rather is the source of religious fundamentalism and violence. Although these objections are powerful when applied to the early Ash?arite version of divine command theory, they are not powerful against recent formulations of it presented by Christian philosophers. For example, a divine command theory like that of Robert Merrihew Adams is well suited to respond to these objections. Thus, divine command theory, in its recent formulations, is a genuine option for Muslims and should be given due consideration. 相似文献
966.
Anna Körs 《宗教、国家与社会》2019,47(4-5):456-473
ABSTRACTThis contribution discusses whether specific German policy instruments developed to govern relations between the state and religious communities are a decisive step towards legal equality or of limited impact when extended to non-Christian religious minorities. I research the effects of the 2012 ‘contracts’ concluded between the city’s government and the Muslim and Alevi communities in the German city (state) of Hamburg by drawing on academic research, analysing official documents and interviewing city officials and local politicians. I find that the contracts are a decisive step towards legal equality but bring with them shortcomings that show the limited impact of contract governance measured against the complex reality of (non-)religious life in contemporary societies. 相似文献
967.
Julia Martínez-Ariño 《宗教、国家与社会》2019,47(4-5):364-373
ABSTRACTThis collection addresses the question of how cities govern and regulate religious diversity. Its main goals are: 1) to take stock of current research regarding the municipal governance of religious diversity; 2) to put forward new concepts and empirical analyses to enhance this field of study; and 3) to identify potential lines for future enquiry that help move the field forward. The contributions cover a wide variety of topics, such as the roles of laws, state contracts, and urbanism in governing religious diversity, comparisons of diverging governance trajectories in various cities within one country, and the controversies surrounding the celebration of religious events in urban spaces. The contributions also identify factors that influence governance processes at the urban level and their consequences for the practice of religion. The collection covers studies of cities in various European countries as well as in Canada. 相似文献
968.
Julia Martínez-Ariño 《宗教、国家与社会》2019,47(4-5):423-439
ABSTRACTIn recent years, European states have institutionalised relations with Islamic groups in the form of national Islam councils. Similarly, municipalities have set up more or less comparable bodies to address issues related to urban religious diversity. However, rather than being restricted to Muslim representatives, municipal consultative bodies usually incorporate a variety of religious actors. This contribution analyses three such bodies in the French cities of Rennes, Bordeaux, and Toulouse. Adopting a governance perspective and drawing on qualitative fieldwork, I argue that by providing concrete advice on how to address religious issues, these bodies define what are considered ‘acceptable’ and ‘unacceptable’ public religious expressions, ultimately influencing normative ideas about laïcité. Moreover, I argue that the history of relationships between religious and municipal authorities and the political culture of the cities, among other factors, shape these local processes, thereby emphasising the distinct role of cities and urban actors in governing religion. 相似文献
969.
Kaarina Aitamurto 《宗教、国家与社会》2019,47(2):198-213
ABSTRACTTransnational Islam is increasingly presented in the Russian political rhetoric as a security threat. Therefore, Russian politicians and authorities attempt to support indigenous or national forms of Islam. Similar policies are implemented in several western European countries. Yet they tend to disregard the heterogeneity of the Muslim community, they create exclusions and they are often conceived as imposing outside evaluations and interpretations on Islam. This contribution analyses initiatives intended to develop a national Islam in post-Soviet Russia. While the aims, methods and problems in different countries are often quite similar, the values and norms underlying these initiatives vary and reflect the societies from which they emerge. This contribution argues that since the 1990s, the changes in the political line of the Kremlin have impacted the project for a ‘national’ Islam by placing less emphasis on liberal values and more emphasis on adherence to loyalism and political conservatism. 相似文献
970.
Lillian Smyth Kenneth I. Mavor Louie R. Gray 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2019,29(6):474-491
The current study builds on links between academic social identification and learning behaviours and extends these models by also considering the level of compatibility between the student identity and the pre‐existing self‐concept. This is a crucial extension, in the context of broadening access to higher education and fostering belonging and learning in nontraditional students. Further, where previous work focused on learning behaviours that enhance performance (often learning approaches), we also consider performance‐undermining behaviours (self‐handicapping and procrastination). These effects are explored in survey responses from an undergraduate student sample (N = 121) from UK and broader European samples. Participants were predominantly female (69%) and native English speakers (87%). Three models of the relationships between these variables were tested using Mplus. Results indicate that performance‐undermining behaviours are predicted by identity incompatibility, but not identification level; deep learning approaches are predicted by identification level, but not identity incompatibility. This provides first evidence that identity incompatibility is not just a moderator of the identification‐learning relationships but, in fact, a separate identity process for consideration. We also present initial evidence for a mediation model, where in the identity variables are related to procrastination and self‐handicapping via learning approaches. 相似文献