关于临床实践教学中患者隐私权的调查与分析

临床实践教学中患者隐私权的界定与保护一直是舆论界和学术界争论的问题之一.通过发放调查问卷,综合分析患者、医学生及带教医生对这一问题的观点,为解决这一争议进行了理性的思考,并给出了合理的建议.     

互联网使用与青少年自我认同的生态关系

互联网已经渗透到人们日常生活的方方面面,给社会及个人带来了广泛而深远的影响,正处于人生的关键时期的青少年更是首当其冲。依据Bronfenbrenner的生态学模型,该文从微系统、中系统、宏系统以及处于生态系统中心的青少年自身4个方面,分别论述了互联网使用与青少年自我认同的形成与发展的密切关系,从而提供了有关互联网使用对青少年身心发展的影响方面的一些初步知识     

解析心理冲突的新角度--评介凯根的结构-发展理论

本文介绍了自我发展研究领域中罗伯特凯根提出的结构-发展理论及其特点,简析它与其它自我发展阶段论的异同。探讨了该理论在抚育、学校教育和临床咨询等方面的实践意义。     

Processing speed, intelligence, creativity, and school performance: Testing of causal hypotheses using structural equation models

According to mental speed theory of intelligence, the speed of information processing constitutes an important basis for cognitive abilities. However, the question, how mental speed relates to real world criteria, like school, academic, or job performance, is still unanswered. The aim of the study is to test an indirect speed-factor model in comparison to rivaling models explaining the relationships between different mental abilities and performance. In this speed-factor model, basic cognitive processing is assumed to influence higher mental abilities (IQ and creativity). Intelligence and creativity themselves should be valid predictors of school performance. We computed bivariate correlations and structural equation models to test this hypothesis, using indicators of processing speed [Zahlen-Verbindungs-Test (ZVT) and Coding Test], psychometric intelligence [Kognitiver Fähigkeits-Test (KFT) and Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM)], creativity [Verbaler Kreativitäts-Test (VKT) and Verwendungs-Test (VWT)] and school performance (grades). In a sample of 271 students from German gymnasiums (Class Levels 9 to 11) the speed-factor model can reproduce at best the empirical relationships between processing speed, intelligence, creativity, and school performance: It assumes that processing speed influences higher mental abilities (intelligence and creativity), which, in the sequel, influence school performance. Therefore, processing speed seems to have no direct effect on school performance; the effect is indirect as it operates via mediation through higher cognitive abilities.     

医疗保健政策与医患关系

医疗保健政策深刻地影响着医患关系,并左右着医患关系的发展与变化.在实行"以公平为主,兼顾效益"的福利性的医疗保健政策时期,我国的医患关系是和谐的.但自从医疗保健政策向"经济导向型"方向转变之后,国家大幅度减少了对卫生事业的投入,医院必须从病人身上取得卫生发展必要的资金,医药费用上涨是必然的,也失去了公平和公正,并最终导致医患关系的恶化.调整医患关系不能仅从医、患两方面着手,建立符合医学伦理的卫生政策,才是问题的关键.     

从医生和医院角度透视医患关系

医患关系一直以来都是临床医学实践的核心问题和基础,受多因素影响,包括患者、医生(医院)和社会.在医患关系不和谐的今天,如何以系统论方法,从医生和医院角度分析制约医患关系健康发展症结,是每个医生和医院管理者需认真思考和对待的问题.而发扬人文主义精神,坚持"以病人为中心"理念,是医生和医院缓解日益加剧的医患矛盾,从根本上改善医患关系的前提.     

试论社会人群中医学信息的不对称性

简述了社会人群中产生的医学信息不对称性的根源、特点和社会效应,以及医务人员应如何正确对待这个问题.     

实验性恶心与呕吐——大脑皮层与内脏相关研究的新途径

大脑皮层与内脏关系的脑机制是揭示心身疾病和心理疾病的重要依据。本文综述了经典条件学习与期待性恶心与呕吐的关系以及实验性恶心与呕吐的研究方法。作者认为,实验性恶心与呕吐结合脑成像技术是研究大脑皮层与内脏关系神经机制的重要途径。     

Reward allocation decisions of Chinese managers: Influence of employee categorization and allocation context

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships between employee categorization criteria and Chinese managers' allocation behaviors. Using a vignette approach and a four-factor within-subjects design, the effects of relationship (guanxi), loyalty, and competence, as well as their interactions with allocation context (private vs public) were examined. Results showed that subordinates who had a close relationship with the allocator, high loyalty, or high competence were rewarded more. Significant two-way interaction effects indicated that relationship, loyalty and competence interactively affected Chinese managers' reward allocation decisions. In addition, the moderating effects of allocation context on these three criteria were also significant. Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research were discussed.     

青少年亲子关系与网络成瘾:孤独感的中介作用

采用分层整群取样的方法,在北京市九所中学共抽取3766名中学生,要求以匿名方式填写Buchnan等人的亲子亲密度量表、雷雳等人的青少年病理性互联网使用量表和Asher等人的儿童孤独量表,考察青少年的父子关系、母子关系、孤独感与网络成瘾的关系。通过相关分析、结构方程模型等分析方法,结果发现:(1)中学生的网络成瘾率为11.2%,且男生的网络成瘾率显著高于女生的成瘾率;重点中学青少年的网络成瘾率显著低于普通中学和职业中学;(2)中学生的亲子关系与自身的孤独感、网络成瘾均呈显著负相关;而中学生的孤独感与自身的网络成瘾呈显著正相关;(3)父子关系不仅可以直接显著负向预测青少年的网络成瘾程度,而且还可以通过影响青少年的孤独感进而间接地负向预测青少年的网络成瘾;而母子关系只通过影响青少年的孤独感间接地负向预测青少年的网络成瘾。总之,孤独感在中学生父子关系影响自身网络成瘾的关系中起部分中介作用;而在母子关系影响自身网络成瘾的关系中起完全中介作用。