手势认知功能研究的新视角：“空间化”手势假设

人类在说话或思考的时候常常伴随着手势。手势是在认知加工或交流过程中自动产生的, 具有表征性, 同时, 手势能够影响人类的认知加工。尽管研究者对手势的概念界定各有侧重, 但普遍认为手势不同于直接行动, 具有认知功能。手势认知功能的代表性理论模型有词汇索引模型、信息打包假设、表象保持理论、语义特殊性假设和嵌入/延展观。根据手势认知功能研究中主要自变量的不同, 可以把手势认知功能分成三种不同的研究范式, 即允许-限制手势的研究范式、侧重手势模式改变的研究范式、侧重情境改变的研究范式。今后值得关注的研究方向除了深入探讨手势认知功能的神经机制、加强对手势认知功能的干预研究外, 提出了建立更具解释力的手势认知功能的理论模型——“空间化”手势假设。     

基于基尼指数的双目标CD-CAT选题策略

双目标CD-CAT的测验结果既可用于形成性评估也可用于终结性评估。基尼指数可度量随机变量的不确定性程度, 值越小则随机变量的不确定程度越低。本文用基尼指数度量被试知识状态类别以及能力估计置信区间后验概率的变化, 提出基于基尼指数的选题策略。Monte Carlo实验表明与已有的选题策略相比, 新策略的知识状态分类精度和能力估计精度都较高, 同时能有效兼顾题库利用均匀性, 并能快速实时响应, 且受认知诊断模型和被试知识状态分布的影响较小, 可用于实际测验中含多种认知诊断模型的混合题库。     

概化理论中的模型选择、数据解释和指标比较——评刘远我等的两篇论文

对刘远我等在1998年《心理学报》和1999年《心理科学》上发表的两篇慨化理论(GT)的应用研究论文．提出了对GT的一些主要问题的不同理解。这些问题包括模型选择、方差分量解释、一致性指标比较等。     

中国老年人身体自我问卷编制及特点初探

该研究以293名年龄在60-97岁老人为研究对象,通过开放式问卷和探索性因素分析得到老年人的身体自我量表,包含六个因素:运动特征、相貌特征、功能特征、身材特征,性特征,行为特征。检验了量表内部一致性系数和严格平行模型的信度系数及两个效标,发现该量表具有较好的信度和效度。对老年人身体自我特征分析表明,研究中,老年人在总体上对身体较满意,且不存在性别、年龄和体型指数的差异。但在身材特征上,存在性别和年龄的交互作用,性别和体形指数的交互作用,性别、年龄和体形指数三者的交互作用。其它五个维度均不存在性别、年龄和体形指数的差异。     

Impulsivity mediates the association between borderline personality pathology and body mass index

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with obesity, a major risk factor for a number of chronic illnesses (e.g., cardiovascular disease). We examined whether impulsivity and affective instability mediate the association between BPD pathology and body mass index (BMI). Participants were a community sample of adults ages 55–64 and their informants. The Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality measured BPD symptoms and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory measured self- and informant-report impulsivity and affective instability. Mediation analyses demonstrated that only higher self-report impulsivity significantly mediated the association between greater BPD pathology and higher BMI. A subsequent model revealed that higher scores on the impulsiveness (lack of inhibitory control) and deliberation (planning) facets of impulsivity mediated the BPD–BMI association, with impulsiveness exerting a stronger mediation effect than deliberation. Obesity interventions that improve inhibitory control may be most effective for individuals with BPD pathology.     

术前右美托咪定滴鼻对全麻诱导期的影响

观察新型α2肾上腺素受体激动剂右美托咪定(Dex)对全麻诱导期NTI及应激反应的影响.择期全麻手术患者40例,ASA Ⅰ级～Ⅱ级,随机分为两组,D组(n=20):患者入室后Dex1μg/kg滴鼻;C组(n=20)作为对照组,滴入相同容积的生理盐水.30min后进行诱导,观察NTI、改良清醒镇静评分(MOAA/S)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2),记录给药前(T0),给药后10min(T1),给药后20min(T2),给药后30min(T3),插管前(T4),插管即刻(T5)各项值变化.D组T1～T3与T0比较,NTI值、MOAA/S逐渐降低(P＜0.05)且显著低于C组(P＜0.05);D组T2、T3与T0比较,HR明显减慢(P＜0.05);麻醉诱导期间,C组T5与T4比较,MAP、HR均显著升高(P＜0.05),D组T5与T4比较,MAP、HR虽有所升高,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Dex以1μg/kg滴鼻可明显镇静,使NTI值降低,诱导期血流动力学更加稳定,减少插管时应激反应.     

术前右美托咪定滴鼻对全麻诱导期的影响

观察新型α2肾上腺素受体激动剂右美托咪定（Dex）对全麻诱导期NTI及应激反应的影响.择期全麻手术患者40例,ASA Ⅰ级～Ⅱ级,随机分为两组,D组（n=20）：患者入室后Dex1μg/kg滴鼻;C组（n=20）作为对照组,滴入相同容积的生理盐水.30min后进行诱导,观察NTI、改良清醒镇静评分（MOAA/S）、平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）,记录给药前（T0）,给药后10min（T1）,给药后20min（T2）,给药后30min（T3）,插管前（T4）,插管即刻（T5）各项值变化.D组T1～T3与T0比较,NTI值、MOAA/S逐渐降低（P＜0.05）且显著低于C组（P＜0.05）;D组T2、T3与T0比较,HR明显减慢（P＜0.05）;麻醉诱导期间,C组T5与T4比较,MAP、HR均显著升高（P＜0.05）,D组T5与T4比较,MAP、HR虽有所升高,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.Dex以1μg/kg滴鼻可明显镇静,使NTI值降低,诱导期血流动力学更加稳定,减少插管时应激反应.     

Judging the differences between women's attractiveness and health: Is there really a difference between judgments made by men and women?

Perceived weight in the face and body size have been shown to be significant predictors of both attractiveness and health. Studies looking at the relationship between attractiveness, perceived health, and perceived weight in faces have found that individuals prefer a lower weight for attractiveness than for apparent health. Here, a group of twenty-four Asian participants were allowed to manipulate the apparent body mass indices (BMIs) of full-length photographs of young Malaysian Chinese women to enhance their perceived healthiness and attractiveness. Results showed that both men and women differentiated between attractiveness and health by preferring a lower BMI for attractiveness than health, suggesting a consistency in the preferred ideal BMI for attractiveness and healthy appearance across both sexes. Results also suggested that BMI provides important cues to judgments of attractive and healthy appearance.     

Why is low waist-to-chest ratio attractive in males? The mediating roles of perceived dominance,fitness, and protection ability

Past research suggests that a lower waist-to-chest ratio (WCR) in men (i.e., narrower waist and broader chest) is viewed as attractive by women. However, little work has directly examined why low WCRs are preferred. The current work merged insights from theory and past research to develop a model examining perceived dominance, fitness, and protection ability as mediators of to WCR-attractiveness relationship. These mediators and their link to both short-term (sexual) and long-term (relational) attractiveness were simultaneously tested by having 151 women rate one of 15 avatars, created from 3D body scans. Men with lower WCR were perceived as more physically dominant, physically fit, and better able to protect loved ones; these characteristics differentially mediated the effect of WCR on short-term, long-term, and general attractiveness ratings. Greater understanding of the judgments women form regarding WCR may yield insights into motivations by men to manipulate their body image.     

道德感动的情绪效价特征:生理研究的证据

深入讨论道德感动的情绪效价特征,采用MP150多导生理记录仪测量个体在感动、积极、消极三种状态下心电、呼吸、皮电的自主神经系统生理心理指标并探讨其差异.结果 发现:感动状态下的皮电水平显著高于消极状态下的皮电水平,而与积极状态下的皮电水平不存在显著差异;感动、消极、积极三种状态下的心电、呼吸指标均不存在显著差异.结论:...