The devil wears Prada: Advertisements of luxury brands evoke feelings of social exclusion

Luxury goods symbolically represent social segregation and exclusion, thereby communicating superiority, exclusivity and distance. In three experiments, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to luxury advertisements in Chinese samples activates mental representations similar to those of social exclusion. Participants were more likely to perceive being rejected by models in the luxury advertisements than models in the non‐luxury advertisements. Moreover, exposure to luxury advertisements increased participants' expectations of being rejected in a subsequent ambiguous social interaction. Finally, looking at luxury advertisements resulted in decreased life satisfaction, and this effect was more pronounced for participants with high rejection sensitivity than those with low rejection sensitivity. Overall, the results suggest that luxury advertisements evoke feelings of social exclusion in Chinese.     

The shame of existing: An extreme form of shame

This paper presents ‘the shame of existing’ as a form of shame that is deeper and more extensive than those customarily encountered. ‘The shame of existing’ is defined as shame about existing as we are and especially at the fact that we are. It is accompanied by merciless and total rejection of the subject's self and by feelings of extreme worthlessness and inferiority coupled with the all‐pervasive conviction that it would be better not to exist. On the basis of clinical material, consideration is given to the specific transference and countertransference aspects of analyses in which the shame of existing constitutes an important part of the patient's pathology. Disturbance of handling and holding by the primary objects right from birth is suggested as the earliest developmental basis of the shame of existing. This disturbance is attributed to hate and rejection of the infant by the primary objects and to the infant's not being touched emotionally and physically and not having its right to exist acknowledged. The paper begins with an introduction to shame as an affect and as a concept in psychoanalytic theory.     

The Relations Between Secrecy,Rejection Sensitivity and Autonomy-Connectedness

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two attachment-related variables on secrecy: rejection sensitivity and autonomy-connectedness. We hypothesized that rejection sensitivity is positively associated with secrecy, and autonomy-connectedness negatively with rejection sensitivity and secrecy. These hypotheses were generally corroborated in a sample of 303 university students. Moreover, we found that autonomy-connectedness at least partly explained the association between rejection sensitivity and secrecy. Self-awareness was negatively related to secrecy, suggesting that being aware of what one needs and thinks and being able to realize one's needs in social interactions reduce the tendency to keep secrets. In addition, interesting gender effects were found suggesting that men have a higher tendency to have secrets than women after controlling for the effects of autonomy-connectedness and rejection sensitivity. Our findings deepen the insight into possible reasons behind established associations between rejection sensitivity and secrecy, and may have clinical implications.     

视觉搜索中注意模板促进搜索的内在机制

生物的视觉搜索能力对适应外部复杂环境具有非常重要的生存意义。注意模板可以在搜索任务的过程中增强相关信息和抑制无关信息, 从而快速找到目标。总结近期研究结果主要有以下发现：在建立注意模板的过程中并不能明确是基于语义信息还是视觉特征信息; 注意模板不仅可以存储在工作记忆中, 也可以存储在长时记忆中; 不同类型注意模板的神经机制存在差异。未来的研究应关注注意模板在建立过程中内部信息如何传递, 并关注不同人群注意模板的神经机制, 以及解决拒绝模板抑制机制的理论争议。     

拒绝敏感性与留守中学生病理性网络使用：生命意义感和自我污名的中介作用

为探究留守中学生拒绝敏感性、生命意义感、自我污名与病理性网络使用之间的关系,采用青少年拒绝敏感性自陈问卷、生命意义感量表中文修订版、留守儿童自我污名自陈问卷,以及青少年病理性互联网使用量表,对803名留守中学生进行调查。结果发现：拒绝敏感性既可直接正向预测,也可经拥有意义感、自我污名以及二者的链式中介作用间接正向预测留守中学生的病理性网络使用行为。研究结果可为解释留守中学生病理性网络使用问题的成因及教育干预提供理论依据。     

不同类型社会排斥中归因诱导对攻击性的影响

为探讨归因诱导能否缓解不同类型社会排斥引发的攻击性,研究分别采用网络任务范式和网络投球范式启动拒绝和放逐,进行不同的归因诱导后用科研助理评分范式测量攻击性。结果发现,放逐引发的攻击性比拒绝高;归因诱导对拒绝引发的攻击性有显著影响,对被拒绝者进行内部归因诱导后其攻击性显著低于外部归因诱导组和无归因诱导组;归因诱导对放逐引发的攻击性无显著影响。研究表明归因诱导对拒绝型直接排斥引发的攻击性有缓解作用。     

大学生自我概念清晰性与社交焦虑的关系：多重中介效应分析

为了考察大学生自我概念清晰性对社交焦虑的影响,以及拒绝敏感性和无法忍受不确定性的中介作用,采用自我概念清晰性问卷、拒绝敏感性问卷、无法忍受不确定性量表和社交回避及苦恼量表对890名在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果表明：大学生的自我概念清晰性既可以直接负向预测社交焦虑,也可以通过拒绝敏感性、无法忍受不确定性以及二者的链式中介影响社交焦虑,但链式中介作用较弱。因此,大学生的自我概念清晰性是通过降低其拒绝敏感性和无法忍受不确定性,进而缓解大学生的社交焦虑。     

“平分秋色”与“三足鼎立”:适应功能视角下拒绝敏感性的新结构取向

拒绝敏感性是个体对拒绝信息的焦虑预期、准备性知觉和过度反应的倾向。以往研究多以单因素的视角考察整体拒绝敏感性,但近年来其结构取向出现了转变趋势,研究者开始从适应功能的视角分别关注其二因素(即焦虑预期、愤怒预期)与三因素结构(即焦虑成分、愤怒成分和拒绝预期),且发现不同结构取向对个体的适应功能具有不同影响,焦虑预期与内化行为问题有关,愤怒预期与外化行为问题有关,而拒绝预期作为认知成分也需要加以重视。未来亟需从性别差异、行为及神经科学证据、本土化研究、年龄差异、针对性干预措施五方面对不同结构进一步深入探索。     

Group belongingness and collective action: Effects of need to belong and rejection sensitivity on willingness to participate in protest activities

Engaging in political protests are becoming increasingly common, and considering the potential, individual, costs and the low probability of affecting the political outcome, it is necessary to understand the motivations behind such actions. The desire to be part of a social group is deeply rooted in human nature, and previous research proposes that the groups one belongs to may influence the decision to engage in protests. We build on this research and suggest that social exclusion, individual fear of exclusion and need to belong interact in explaining who is likely to become engaged. In two studies, one natural experiment and one lab‐experiment, we show that social exclusion increase willingness to participate in protests for individuals high in both rejection sensitivity and need to belong. We conclude that contextual factors, such as exclusion or marginalization should be considered in relation to individual level personality factors when explaining who is likely to become engaged in political protests. These results are important since they suggest that some people engage in politics simply due to social reasons and are less ideologically motivated.