声旁位置对形声字命名规则性效应的影响

已有证据表明, 低频形声字的命名存在规则性效应, 高频字则没有表现。但是, 这些研究所使用的全部或大部分实验材料可能均为声旁在右的字, 其结果也许仅能反映声旁在右字的加工规律。本研究通过三个实验考查了声旁在左与在右两种左右型字和声旁在上与在下两种上下型字的规则性效应, 探讨声旁位置对形声字命名规则性效应的影响。实验一仅考察了声旁在右的字, 结果重复了先前没有操控声旁位置研究中出现的低频字的规则性效应, 还发现高频字命名规则性效应的逆转; 实验二考察了声旁在左与在右的字, 发现声旁在右的低频字存在规则性效应, 而声旁在左的低频字则出现了规则性效应的逆转, 但声旁在右的高频字并不存在逆转; 实验三考察了声旁在上与在下的字, 发现声旁在下的低频字和声旁在上的高、低频字都出现了规则性效应, 而声旁在下的高频字则存在规则性效应的逆转。这些结果提示, 如果声旁在整字中处于易被激活的位置(右侧或下侧), 在低频字中会倾向于出现规则性效应, 在高频字中则可能出现逆转或缺乏规则性效应, 这也许会受到字频的制约; 在低频左右型字中声旁位置的改变也会导致命名规则性效应方向的转变, 但在低频上下型字中的表现要相对较弱。可以推测, 声旁位置是一种形声字的亚词汇成分的空间属性, 可以决定声旁语音激活的便利性; 整字字频则是一种词汇属性, 会通过调节整字的语音激活, 影响声旁语音作用于整字命名的亚词汇加工机制, 最终决定规则性效应的方向。     

任务规律性对前瞻记忆的影响

采用混合实验设计,结合行为和眼动数据,探讨任务规律性对前瞻记忆的影响。行为结果显示规律已知条件下前瞻记忆成绩显著高于规律未知和无规律条件,规律未知条件下的前瞻记忆成绩在靶线索之后刺激上有高于无规律条件的趋势;眼动结果显示规律已知条件下的注视点最多,首次注视时间最长。结果说明:(1)任务规律性对前瞻记忆成绩具有促进作用;(2)任务规律性促进了对前瞻记忆任务的自动化加工;(3)在规律已知条件下前瞻记忆的加工过程呈现出动态交替的特点。     

Quasivarieties of Logic,Regularity Conditions and Parameterized Algebraization

Relatively congruence regular quasivarieties and quasivarieties of logic have noticeable similarities. The paper provides a unifying framework for them which extends the Blok-Pigozzi theory of elementarily algebraizable (and protoalgebraic) deductive systems. In this extension there are two parameters: a set of terms and a variable. When the former is empty or consists of theorems, the Blok-Pigozzi theory is recovered, and the variable is redundant. On the other hand, a class of membership logics is obtained when the variable is the only element of the set of terms. For these systems the appropriate variant of equivalent algebraic semantics encompasses the relatively congruence regular quasivarieties.     

6- to 9-Month old infants discriminate vowel durations in variable speech contexts

Discriminating temporal relationships in speech is crucial for speech and language development. However, temporal variation of vowels is difficult to perceive for young infants when it is determined by surrounding speech sounds. Using a familiarization-discrimination paradigm, we show that English-learning 6- to 9-month-olds are capable of discriminating non-native acoustic vowel duration differences that systematically vary with subsequent consonantal durations. Furthermore, temporal regularity of stimulus presentation potentially makes the task easier for infants. These findings show that young infants can process fine-grained temporal aspects of speech sounds, a capacity that lays the foundation for building a phonological system of their ambient language(s).