Social cognitive theory of posttraumatic recovery: the role of perceived self-efficacy

The present article integrates findings from diverse studies on the generalized role of perceived coping self-efficacy in recovery from different types of traumatic experiences. They include natural disasters, technological catastrophes, terrorist attacks, military combat, and sexual and criminal assaults. The various studies apply multiple controls for diverse sets of potential contributors to posttraumatic recovery. In these different multivariate analyses, perceived coping self-efficacy emerges as a focal mediator of posttraumatic recovery. Verification of its independent contribution to posttraumatic recovery across a wide range of traumas lends support to the centrality of the enabling and protective function of belief in one's capability to exercise some measure of control over traumatic adversity.     

Social Support Mediates the Effects of Dual-Focus Mutual Aid Groups on Abstinence from Substance Use

Background: Specialized 12-step based groups have emerged to address the needs of persons recovering from both substance abuse and psychiatric illness. Objective: This study investigates the role of social support in mediating the association between mutual aid participation and subsequent substance use for dually diagnosed persons. Method: A cohort of Double Trouble in Recovery (DTR) members in New York City were studied prospectively over a two-year period. Findings: Longer DTR participation during the first year of the study was associated with lower substance use in the second year; that effect was partially explained by the maintenance of high level of social support. Conclusion: These findings speak of the enduring influence of 12-step attendance on reducing substance use, and underline the importance of both 12-step attendance and supportive networks for dually diagnosed persons.     

A comparison of masking by visual and transcranial magnetic stimulation: implications for the study of conscious and unconscious visual processing

Visual stimuli as well as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used: (1) to suppress the visibility of a target and (2) to recover the visibility of a target that has been suppressed by another mask. Both types of stimulation thus provide useful methods for studying the microgenesis of object perception. We first review evidence of similarities between the processes by which a TMS mask and a visual mask can either suppress the visibility of targets or recover such suppressed visibility. However, we then also point out a significant difference that has important implications for the study of the time course of unconscious and conscious visual information processing and for theoretical accounts of the processes involved. We present evidence and arguments showing: (a) that visual masking techniques, by revealing more detailed aspects of target masking and target recovery, support a theoretical approach to visual masking and visual perception that must take into account activities in two separate neural channels or processing streams and, as a corollary, (b) that at the current stage of methodological sophistication visual masks, by acting in more highly specifiable ways on these pathways, provide information about the microgenesis of form perception not available with TMS masks.     

The role of ultrarunning in drug and alcohol addiction recovery: An autobiographic study of athlete journeys

PurposeThere is contentious understanding of the role of sport in adult recreational drug and alcohol addiction recovery. This study explored athlete autobiographies as cultural sites of analysis in relation to the role that one sport (i.e., ultrarunning) plays in addiction recovery capital pathways.DesignWorking at the intersection of an autobiographical approach grounded in relativist narrative inquiry, a social constructionist narrative thematic analysis was conducted of two autobiographies--Catra Corbett and Carlie Engle—about addiction recovery through ultrarunning (i.e., distances of 43 km or more). The narratives used to construct life transformation and recovery capital in relation to ultrarunning were centralized in the analysis using Frank’s (2013) work on illness narratives and the body.ResultsTwo narrative themes threaded athletes’ addiction recovery journeys: chaos narrative and quest narrative. Two sub-themes related to fluid identity transformation intertwined with ultrarunning were identified within these narratives: 1. ‘addict-runner’ (chaos) and 2. ‘addict runner to ultra-runner’ (quest). Nuanced meanings of suffering were connected to identity transformation and running and two forms of addiction recovery capital: human (e.g., psychological adjustment, life perspective) and social (e.g., family connection, community).ConclusionsThe research findings provide insight into the role of sport in psychosocial aspects of addiction recovery using an autobiographical approach grounded in narrative theory. This study also extends work in sport psychology focusing on autobiographies as research and pedagogical resources to learn more about athlete mental health.     

心理解脱与幼儿教师生活满意度的关系：家庭压力的调节作用

下班后从工作状态中解脱出来有利于减少工作应激对劳动者健康的损害。家庭作为劳动者下班后生活的主要场所。家庭中的压力因素可能影响劳动者的解脱结果。本研究以 215 名幼儿教师为被试,考察家庭压力影响心理解脱结果的机制。结果发现,高家庭压力会削弱心理解脱对生活满意度的正向预测。该结果支持资源保持理论和付出-恢复模型,提示在工作应激相关的职业健康保护中应注意家庭因素的作用。     

Recovery and Renewal: Journey of Hope to the Gulf Coast

When a group of 20 college students and seven adult leaders traveled to the Gulf Coast to repair houses damaged by Hurricane Katrina, they did not realize the multiple ways that they themselves would be renewed. Finding God in the struggle, celebrating diversity, and living with gratitude became the result that subtly changed many lives. Fredrica R. Halligan, Ph.D. is a spiritually-oriented clinical psychologist. She is currently Director of the Counseling Center at Western Connecticut State University and author of Listen Deeply to God: Exploring Spirituality in an Interreligious Age.     

Naturalistic Recovery From Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury: A Phenomenological Inquiry

The authors conducted a phenomenological inquiry of 12 individuals who recovered from nonsuicidal self‐injury without psychotherapeutic or medical intervention. Results indicated that participants’ naturalistic recovery emanated from their recognition of serious physical damage, corrective interpersonal influences, and movement from unhealthy to healthy surroundings. Implications of these findings for clinical practice and future research are discussed.     

右美托咪定对鼻内镜手术患者血流动力学及苏醒期的影响

探讨鼻内镜手术时应用右美托咪定对其血流动力学及苏醒期的影响。选择100例行鼻内镜的择期手术患者,随机分为两组,右美托咪定组（D组）,持续泵入右美托咪定0.4μg·kg-1·h-1从麻醉诱导开始到拔管结束;对照组（C组）,持续泵入相同剂量的生理盐水。诱导药物均为依托咪酯0.3mg/kg,舒芬太尼0.4μg/kg,罗库溴铵0.6mg/kg,术中以丙泊酚6mg·kg-1·h-1、瑞芬太尼0.1μg·kg-1·min-1维持。观察并记录诱导前5min,手术开始后10min及30min,手术结束时,拔管时及拔管后2min的MAP及HR;记录术野质量和术中出血量、手术时间和拔管时间、拔管时躁动的发生率、呛咳评分、拔管后患者的Ramsay镇静评分。结果 D组在拔管时及拔管后2min血压和心率与C组相比降低（P〈0.05）;D组的术野质量优于C组（P〈0.05）,术中出血量D组少于C组（P〈0.05）;两组的手术时间和拔管时间差异无统计学意义;拔管时躁动的发生率及呛咳评分D组低于C组（P〈0.05）;D组拔管后患者的Ramsay镇静评分高于C组（P〈0.05）。术中应用右美托咪定,可使鼻内镜手术患者术中血流动力学更稳定,苏醒期更为平稳。