Hawking Says that Discovering Intelligent Life Elsewhere Would Spark Greater Compassion and Humility among Us … But Why Wait?

It matters how we talk to each other about METI and about contact, and Hawking could set a better example.     

儿童在生词阅读中对类推策略应用的研究现状

字形与字音对应关系的类推策略在儿童开始学习阅读时是否已经存在;如果存在,类推发生于单词的什么位置;另外,这种类推能力是逐渐增长的,还是保持不变的。上述问题是20年来关于生词阅读策略研究的核心问题。从2位代表性人物Goswami和Bowey的研究入手,文章回顾并分析了针对上述问题的研究历程,展示了现有争论的方法论根源,同时对一些新的研究趋势进行了分析和展望。     

诊断认知策略的几何类比推理测验题的特征及其编制研究

该文在新一代测验理论的视角下,以几何类比推理测验为研究对象,以认知策略的诊断为目的,研究更能引发被试的规则构建策略或选项剔除策略的项目的特征。研究结果表明,项目中元素数量是影响被试使用规则构建策略或选项剔除策略的关键因素,元素数量越多时越倾向于用规则构建策略,而元素数量越少时倾向于用选项剔除策略。研究结果可直接用于测验设计,使得测验能更多在某一策略的框假下分析描述被试特征。     

中国古代逻辑方法论的源头——《周易》逻辑方法论探析

《周易》的卦爻符号系统及其语义说明,已经使用了一定的逻辑方法．建立在阴阳两爻这种初始语言上的符号系统,有一套自定的格式语言和规则．《周易》中的其他逻辑方法,如关于“象”的方法,关于“辞”的方法,关于“取象比类”的方法,都有其正确、合理的方面,但也都有随意性的缺憾．这些逻辑方法,奠定了中国传统思维模式的源头基础,应当成为中国古代逻辑思想史研究领域的一个课题．     

中医药隐性知识创造式思维的根源及内在发展逻辑

中医药知识具有隐性化特征,在传承过程中,是按照生成论思维方式对其进行吸取和更新,需要继承者通过直觉、体悟来理解,通过注释的方法进行解读,运用藏象、类比、辩证的方法进行意会性思维,构成形下与形上的统一.通过传统知识与时代知识的融通,传统思维与时代思维的互渗,同类知识和异类知识的同构,创造性地不断建构新的知识体系.     

An investigation of the use of linguistic probes “by” and “in order to” in assessing moral grammar

Proponents of the linguistic analogy suggest that methodologies originally developed for investigating linguistic grammar can also be fruitfully applied to the empirical study of moral grammar: the causal and intentional representations of moral events which – according to the linguistic analogy – drive moral judgements. In the current study, we put this claim to the empirical test. Participants were presented with moral dilemmas which previously have been shown to implement a central principle in moral judgements: the principle of double effect (PDE). Participants responded to by and in order to probes to assess causal and intentional representations of this principle. Results show that these linguistic probes do not relate to moral judgement in the manner predicted by proponents of the linguistic analogy and moral grammar. Although the linguistic analogy is a theoretically rich framework, the procedures posited to give it empirical traction require revision.     

样例表面内容对问题解决类比迁移过程的影响

探讨样例与新问题表面内容不同的相似关系对类经迁移过程的影响。实验１要求被试学习概率问题的样例后,解决与样例表面内容相似关系不同的新问题。结果表明,在新问题的内在原理与样例相同的情况下,两者表面根貌相似有利于被试对新问题的类化,表面对应相似则促进被试对公式的正确运用;     

Reception of Analogy of Being in Contemporary Eastern Orthodox Theology

This article examines the relationship between the analogy of being (which is a fundamental principle of Catholic theology and metaphysics) and the most significant contemporary Eastern Orthodox theologians. This question of analogy touches upon the fundamental theological problem of the conceptualization of the relationship between God and creation. Even though there is no analogy in Eastern Orthodox theology, it has two polar positions regarding Western analogy of being—pro and con.