DNA研究的历史带给我们的启示

自然科学发展日新月异。墨守成规的传统思维模式常常是羁绊研究工作停滞不前的主要障碍。通过纵观DNA双螺旋结构的研究历程,认识到实事求是的态度是确立正确研究方向的基础,而全方位、多视角、多学科交叉的开放性思维模式给科学研究带来了更宽阔的途径。     

Conducting exercise trials for obese adolescents within the effectiveness setting: A response with commentary to Ejima et al. (2019)

We appreciate Ejima et al.‘s interest in and comments towards our article describing a 12-week randomized controlled trial of a coordination exercise program on cognitive function in obese adolescents that was conducted at a junior high school in Taipei City, Taiwan (Liu et al., 2018). Ejima et al. mentioned the apparent extraordinary effects of the interv ention on body mass index (BMI) both in the magnitude of the effects and distribution of the weight loss. On several points, we agree with Ejima et al. and in the spirit of transparency and reproducibility, we appreciate the opportunity to set the record straight about our study. We also genuinely appreciate Ejima et al.‘s time and efforts in reviewing our study and analyzing the data, and helping to uncover these mistakes. We hope this commentary aids in better understanding the findings from Liu et al. (2018) and in encouraging future effectiveness trials aimed at improving cognitive function, fitness, and BMI among obese adolescents.     

How does exposure to masked individuals affect White Americans' attitudes toward Asian American and Pacific Islanders?

Across three studies, conducted between Spring 2020 and Spring 2021, we tested whether exposure to an Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI) target person wearing a face mask would increase or decrease White Americans' perceived threat from and positivity toward AAPI individuals. Although results varied by study, a single-paper meta-analysis revealed that the masked (compared to unmasked) AAPI target resulted in greater positivity toward AAPIs, due to reduced perceptions of both symbolic threat to group values and realistic threat to group health. Positivity toward AAPIs did not reliably differ after exposure to a masked versus unmasked White target. Implications for interventions that encourage COVID-safe behaviors and combat anti-AAPI attitudes are discussed.     

群体身份调节最后通牒博弈的公平关注

群际互动是社会互动的一种重要形式, 在人类社会发展中起着重要作用。已有的行为研究表明个体参与群际互动时, 互动对象的群体身份会影响其心理加工和行为决策。但目前关于群体身份如何影响公平加工的动态时间过程尚不清楚。为了研究群体身份对最后通牒任务(Ultimatum Game, UG)中反应者公平关注的影响, 15名健康成人作为反应者与组内和组外提议者进行UG博弈, 提议包括极端不公平、中等不公平或公平提议三种。事件相关电位结果发现, 组外互动时公平提议和中等不公平提议比极端不公平提议诱发更负的AN1, 组内互动时不同提议诱发的AN1无显著差异。来自组内成员的中等和极端不公平提议比公平提议引起更负的内侧额叶负波(MFN), 但来自组外成员的不同提议则没有导致MFN波幅的变化。这些结果表明在群体互动情境下, 互动成员的群体身份能够影响个体的早期注意资源分配和公平关注加工。     

关于健康公平现实选择

健康公平是全人类共同追求的目标,然而由于经济、社会和文化等因素又造成了健康的极大不公平。如何在现有条件下满足人们对健康的需要,实现健康公平,揭示了健康公平的内涵,以及现实中健康不公平的表现形式;同时,提出健康公平的现实选择应从我国的现实国情出发,解决目前健康不公平问题。     

The analyst and analysand as citizens in the world

Beginning with Jung's reflections on individuation as a starting point, this article examines the analytic relationship in the context of our current reality. The latter exerts pressures of all sorts that do not favour individuation. Indeed, geopolitical commentators see present‐day society as marked globally by excessive self‐love that seeks to dominate, at the expense of the other. Given that such forms of dominance are now also very prevalent in the workplace, this article examines how to help the increasing number of individuals with highly successful professional careers who suffer from this pressure and who then seek analysis. ‘Progressive movement’, an indicator of and incentive to change, is examined by studying the narrative processes emerging from dream activity ‐ including dreaming with the hands in the sand tray ‐ in the co‐transference. The article highlights how ‘progressive movement’, founded on narrative Competence and on the reflective function, may generate experiences of ‘realistic hope’. The latter signals the start of an individuation process in the analytic couple and, simultaneously, the transformation of both the analyst and the analysand into good enough ‘citizens in the world’.     

Cultural and Telehealth Considerations for Trauma‐Focused Treatment Among Latinx Youth: Case Reports and Clinical Recommendations to Enhance Treatment Engagement

Given that trauma exposure among youth, particularly those from communities of color, is high, there is a dire need to improve trauma-focused treatment for young people of color. Growing research has documented that integrating cultural and telehealth considerations into trauma-focused treatment can enhance treatment engagement and lead to positive treatment outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how to incorporate cultural and telehealth considerations concurrently to enhance treatment engagement for Latinx youth and their caregivers. Specifically, we describe the process of delivering Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) to three trauma-exposed Latinx youths through the use of telehealth technology. Clinical recommendations are discussed to improve treatment engagement of Latinx youth and other young people of color.     

Why people fail to bike the talk: Car dependence as a barrier to cycling

Antecedent conditions of cycling have been extensively studied, yet barriers that prevent individuals from choosing bicycle transportation are less known. The present study, conducted on a sample of individuals who were both cyclists and drivers (N = 280), investigated whether dependence on car transportation significantly reduces cycling frequency. It also assessed the predictive validity of a larger set of cycling determinants that included moral, objective environmental, demographic and car-related variables. Responses were analyzed using a structural equation modeling approach. Results show that moral considerations do little to predict cycling frequency and that car-related factors such as perceived behavioral control to reduce car use (β = 0.28) and car use habits (β = -0.27) have the strongest predictive power. Objective environmental factors such as temperature (β = -0.13) and altitude (β = -0.15) or demographic factors such as gender (β = 0.19) were also significant predictors of cycling frequency. The present study highlights a new perspective of understanding cycling behavior and pleads for the inclusion of car-related factors in its future conceptualizations and interventions to encourage it.     

伊斯兰伦理道德的当代价值

本文从三方面对伊斯兰伦理道德和伊斯兰伦理道德的基本范畴以及基本内容作了较为详细的论述,认为在多元文化并存的当今社会,伊斯兰伦理道德无疑也是建构各文明体系和谐相处的有机组成部分,对文明之间的对话和交流亦有重要的现实意义。