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161.
Phillip Karl Wood 《Infant and child development》2011,20(2):194-212
Partridge and Lerner (2007), in a secondary analysis of the New York Longitudinal Study, employed a chronometric polynomial growth curve model to argue that the developmental course of difficult temperament follows a non‐linear trajectory over the first 5 years of life. The free curve slope intercept (FCSI) growth curve model of Meredith and Tisak (1990) is presented as a preferable conceptual alternative because it contains a number of currently popular statistical models, including repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance, factor mean, linear growth, linear factor analysis, and hierarchical linear models as special cases. As such, researchers can compare the fit of each of these models relative to the FCSI model, and, at times, to each other. The present paper conducts a re‐analysis of the data, and establishes that fit of the FCSI model is arguably better than other statistical alternatives. The FCSI model is also used as the basis for identifying subgroups of individuals with their qualitatively distinct growth patterns within a growth mixture modeling framework. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
162.
《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2013,66(9):1721-1739
We examine the influence of contrast categories on the internal graded membership structure of everyday concepts using computational models proposed in the artificial category learning tradition. In particular, the generalized context model (Nosofsky, 1986), which assumes that only members of a given category contribute to the typicality of a category member, is contrasted to the similarity–dissimilarity generalized context model (SD-GCM; Stewart & Brown, 2005), which assumes that members of other categories are also influential in determining typicality. The models are compared in a hierarchical Bayesian framework in their account of the typicality gradient of five animal categories and six artefact categories. For each target category, we consider all possible relevant contrast categories. Three separate issue are examined: (a) whether contrast effects can be found, (b) which categories are responsible for these effects, and (c) whether more than one category influences the typicality. Results indicate that the internal category structure is codetermined by dissimilarity towards potential contrast categories. In most cases, only a single contrast category contributed to the typicality. The present findings suggest that contrast effects might be more widespread than has previously been assumed. Further, they stress the importance of characteristics particular of everyday concepts, which require careful consideration when applying computational models of representation of the artificial category learning tradition to everyday concepts. 相似文献
163.
Derby KM Hagopian L Fisher WW Richman D Augustine M Fahs A Thompson R 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2000,33(1):113-117
Functional analysis results for multiple topographies of aberrant behavior were graphed in an aggregate fashion and then separately for 48 clients. The results indicated that multiple topographies of behavior may be maintained by different contingencies. These results indicate that graphing functional analysis data in an aggregate fashion and then separately may improve the accuracy of their interpretation. 相似文献
164.
Formulas for the asymptotic biases of the parameter estimates in structural equation models are provided in the case of the Wishart maximum likelihood estimation for normally and nonnormally distributed variables. When multivariate normality is satisfied, considerable simplification is obtained for the models of unstandardized variables. Formulas for the models of standardized variables are also provided. Numerical examples with Monte Carlo simulations in factor analysis show the accuracy of the formulas and suggest the asymptotic robustness of the asymptotic biases with normality assumption against nonnormal data. Some relationships between the asymptotic biases and other asymptotic values are discussed.The author is indebted to the editor and anonymous reviewers for their comments, corrections, and suggestions on this paper, and to Yutaka Kano for discussion on biases. 相似文献
165.
166.
Nilam?RamEmail author Sy-Miin?Chow Ryan?P.?Bowles Lijuan?Wang Kevin?Grimm Frank?Fujita John?R.?Nesselroade 《Psychometrika》2005,70(4):773-790
Weekly cycles in emotion were examined by combining item response modeling and spectral analysis approaches in an analysis
of 179 college students' reports of daily emotions experienced over 7 weeks. We addressed the measurement of emotion using
an item response model. Spectral analysis and multilevel sinusoidal models were used to identify interindividual differences
in intraindividual cyclic change. Simulations and incomplete data designs were used to examine how well this combination of
analysis techniques might work when applied to other practical data problems. Empirically, we found systematic individual
differences in the extent to which individuals' emotions follow a weekly cycle, and in how such cycles are exhibited. Weekly
cycles accounted for very little variance in day to day emotions at the individual level. Analytically, we illustrate how
measurement, change, and interindividual difference models from different traditions may be combined in a practical manner
to describe some of the complexities of human behavior.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support provided by grant T32 AG20500 from the National Institute on Aging in the preparation
of this article. Special thanks to those at the Institute for Developmental and Health Research Methodology at the University
of Virginia and to Paul De Boeck and the reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this work. 相似文献
167.
Fully and partially ranked data arise in a variety of contexts. From a Bayesian perspective, attention has focused on distance-based models; in particular, the Mallows model and extensions thereof. In this paper, a class of prior distributions, the Binary Tree, is developed on the symmetric group. The attractive features of the class are: it provides a closed-form solution to the posterior distribution; and a simple way to interpret the parameters of the prior distribution. The advantages of the proposed method are illustrated by comparing it to metric-based models using data analyzed by other researchers in this context.This revised article was published online in August 2005 with the PDF paginated correctly. 相似文献
168.
The authors introduce subset conjunction as a classification rule by which an acceptable alternative must satisfy some minimum
number of criteria. The rule subsumes conjunctive and disjunctive decision strategies as special cases.
Subset conjunction can be represented in a binary-response model, for example, in a logistic regression, using only main effects
or only interaction effects. This results in a confounding of the main and interaction effects when there is little or no
response error. With greater response error, a logistic regression, even if it gives a good fit to data, can produce parameter
estimates that do not reflect the underlying decision process. The authors propose a model in which the binary classification
of alternatives into acceptable/unacceptable categories is based on a probabilistic implementation of a subset-conjunctive
process. The satisfaction of decision criteria biases the odds toward one outcome or the other. The authors then describe
a two-stage choice model in which a (possibly large) set of alternatives is first reduced using a subset-conjunctive rule,
after which an alternative is selected from this reduced set of items. They describe methods for estimating the unobserved
consideration probabilities from classification and choice data, and illustrate the use of the models for cancer diagnosis
and consumer choice. They report the results of simulations investigating estimation accuracy, incidence of local optima,
and model fit.
The authors thank the Editor, the Associate Editor, and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions, and
also thank Asim Ansari and Raghuram Iyengar for their helpful comments. They also thank Sawtooth Software, McKinsey and Company,
and Intelliquest for providing the PC choice data, and the University of Wisconsin for making the breast-cancer data available
at the machine learning archives. 相似文献
169.
170.