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51.
Pierre Le Morvan 《Synthese》2008,162(2):251-264
How is epistemic justification related to knowledge? Is it, as widely thought, constitutive of knowledge? Is it merely a means to knowledge, or merely a means to something else, such as truth? In a recent article in this journal, Hofmann (2005, Synthese, 146(3), 357–369) addresses these questions in attempting to defend an important argument articulated by Sartwell (1992, The Journal of Philosophy, 89(4), 167–180) and reconstructed and criticized by Le Morvan (2002, Erkenntnis: An International Journal of Analytic Philosophy, 56(2), 151–168). This Sartwellian argument purported to show that, since epistemic justification is of merely instrumental value, it is not constitutive of knowledge. In this paper, I argue that Hofmann’s defense of Sartwell fails, but that its failure brings to light some important lessons concerning the nature of justification and its relationship to truth and knowledge. 相似文献
52.
Gregor Betz 《Synthese》2008,163(1):25-44
This paper shows how complex argumentation, analyzed as dialectical structures, can be evaluated within a Bayesian framework
by interpreting them as coherence constraints on subjective degrees of belief. A dialectical structure is a set of arguments
(premiss-conclusion structure) among which support- and attack-relations hold. This approach addresses the observation that
some theses in a debate can be better justified than others and thus fixes a shortcoming of a theory of defeasible reasoning
which applies the bivalence principle to argument evaluations by assigning them the status of being either defeated or undefeated.
Evaluation procedures which are based on the principle of bivalence can, however, be embedded as a special case within the
Bayesian framework. The approach developed in this paper rests on the assumptions that arguments can be reconstructed as deductively
valid and that complex argumentation can be reconstructed such that premisses of arguments with equivalent conclusions are
pairwise independent. 相似文献
53.
Jiaming Chen 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2008,3(1):67-82
Whether empirical givenness has the reliability that foundationalists expect is a point about which some philosophers are
highly skeptical. Sellars took the doctrine of givenness as a “myth,” denying the existence of immediate perceptual experience.
The arguments in contemporary Western epistemology are concentrated on whether sensory experience has conceptual contents,
and whether there is any logical relationship between perceptions and beliefs. In fact, once the elements of words and conceptions
in empirical perception are affirmed, the logical relationship between perceptual experience and empirical belief is also
affirmed. This relationship takes place through perceptual experience acting as evidence for beliefs. The real problem lies
in how one should distinguish between the different relationships with perception of singular beliefs and of universal beliefs,
and in how singular beliefs can provide justification for universal beliefs.
__________
Translated from Zhongguo Shehui Kexue 中国社会科学 (Social Sciences in China), 2007, (1): 65–75 相似文献
54.
Michael Smith 《The Journal of Ethics》2006,10(1-2):75-106
I take issue with two suggestions of Joel Feinberg's: first, that it is incoherent to suppose that human life as such is absurd,
and, second, that a particular human life may be absurd and yet saved from being tragic by being fulfilled. I also argue that
human life as such may well be absurd and I consider various responses to this. 相似文献
55.
David A. Brondos 《Dialog》2007,46(1):24-30
Abstract : Did Paul and Luther proclaim the same gospel? Although Luther's understanding of the work of Christ and his idea of the “joyous exchange” between Christ and believers reflect many ideas that are foreign to Paul's thought, both agree on the heart of the gospel, namely, that justification is by faith alone, since “faith alone fulfills the law.” In Christ God graciously accepts sinners just as they are, so that as they live out of faith, trusting solely in God for forgiveness and new life, they may become the righteous people God desires that they be, not for God's sake, but for the sake of human beings themselves. 相似文献
56.
城中村人群健康:城市化进程中不可忽视的问题 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
王冬 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(3):31-33
城中村现象是中国城市化进程中出现的新的普遍性现象,它既区别于现代城市,又不同于传统的村落,引发了不同于其他社区人群的健康问题.论述了城中村的特殊性质,分析了当前城中村人群健康问题,并据此提出开展健康教育,保障人群健康建议. 相似文献
57.
The belief that status in society is based on merit is a central feature of the American Dream. This belief system justifies status inequalities by locating the cause of status differences in the individual talents and efforts of group members. We hypothesized that activating meritocratic beliefs increases the extent to which individuals psychologically justify status inequalities, even when those inequalities are disadvantageous to the self. Specifically, we hypothesized that priming meritocracy prompts individuals to engage in system-justifying psychological responses when they experience threat either at the personal or group level. Across two studies, priming meritocracy led members of a low status group to justify both personal and group disadvantage by decreasing perceptions of discrimination (Studies 1 and 2) and increasing the extent to which they stereotyped themselves and their group in status-justifying ways (Study 2). 相似文献
58.
59.
60.
Using data from a longitudinal study of college students, this study assessed the relationships among the threat perceptions of realistic threat and intergroup anxiety, the ideological motives of system justification and social dominance orientation (SDO), and political conservatism. Those who had higher perceptions of realistic threat and intergroup anxiety at the end of their first year of college showed higher levels of system justification and SDO at the end of their second and third years of college, controlling for precollege expressions of each variable. Higher levels of these two ideological motives at the end of students' second and third years of college were associated with more politically conservative attitudes at the end of students' fourth year of college, again controlling for precollege expressions. These longitudinal results are discussed in terms of a model of political conservatism as motivated social cognition. 相似文献