The relationship between susceptibility to false memories, dissociativity, and paranormal belief and experience

One hundred participants completed a News Coverage Questionnaire concerning personal memories of where they were, what they were doing and who they were with when footage of dramatic news events was first shown on television, as well as asking them to recall details of the footage itself. These news items included four events that are known to have been captured on film and one item concerning non-existent footage of the bombing of a nightclub in Bali. Overall, 36% of respondents reported false memories of the alleged footage of the Bali bombing. Participants reporting false memories were found to score significantly higher than those who did not report such memories on the Australian Sheep–Goat Scale, on various subscales of the Anomalous Experiences Inventory (Belief, Experience and Ability) and on the Dissociative Experiences Scale, supporting the hypothesis that believers in the paranormal may be more susceptible to false memories than non-believers.     

语音回路与阅读理解关系的眼动研究

语音回路是工作记忆中的一个重要成分。由于工作记忆在言语理解中有重要作用,所以负责加工语音信息的语音回路可能也和阅读理解有密切关系。但是,迄今为止直接研究语音回路影响阅读理解的研究不是很多,而且得出的结论也不太一致。研究使用眼动分析方法探讨语音回路与汉语阅读理解的关系。研究采用抑制发音和错误干扰相结合的范式考查正常条件下和抑制发音条件下的阅读特点的差别性。结果表明：（1）在一般阅读难度情况下,语音回路会延缓阅读速度;（2）两种阅读条件下都出现了同音效应,即同音字的首次注视时间、总注视时间都比非同音字短;（3）语音在汉语阅读的早期就发挥了作用,而且同音字错误比非同音字错误更容易被恢复     

An Impossibility Theorem on Beliefs in Games

A paradox of self-reference in beliefs in games is identified, which yields a game-theoretic impossibility theorem akin to Russell’s Paradox. An informal version of the paradox is that the following configuration of beliefs is impossible:Ann believes that Bob assumes thatAnn believes that Bob’s assumption is wrongThis is formalized to show that any belief model of a certain kind must have a ‘hole.’ An interpretation of the result is that if the analyst’s tools are available to the players in a game, then there are statements that the players can think about but cannot assume. Connections are made to some questions in the foundations of game theory.Special Issue Ways of Worlds II. On Possible Worlds and Related Notions Edited by Vincent F. Hendricks and Stig Andur Pedersen     

阅读理解困难儿童的理解监控能力研究

在理解监控水平研究的基础上,引入阅读目的因素,综合考察阅读理解困难儿童的理解监控能力.结果发现:(1)理解困难儿童的阅读目的和正常儿童一样,倾向于从文本信息中获取意义,但这种阅读目的的强度要落后于正常儿童;(2)理解困难儿童对阅读的理解监控水平落后于正常儿童,这是由于阅读目的的影响,他们的理解监控能力与正常儿童相当.     

儿童句法意识与阅读能力发展的关系

文章总结了近几十年来关于句法意识与阅读能力发展关系的研究。首先概括了句法意识的含义及其研究方法,包括口头完形填空、句子判断和句子纠正、错误模仿、分析句法一致性效应和句法启动等,然后总结了70年代以来关于句法意识与阅读能力发展关系的理论及其实验证据,最后提出了有待进一步研究的问题     

阅读流畅性研究及其进展

从介绍两个阅读发展模型入手,探讨了阅读流畅性与阅读的关系,揭示阅读流畅性在阅读发展进程中的地位和作用,并介绍了影响阅读流畅性的因素。在此基础上,指出了阅读流畅性研究对语言认知研究的重要性,并对今后研究作了初步展望。     

学生提问与语文阅读理解能力的关系研究

随机选取北京市某中学初一-高二学生169名,以问卷法研究了他们对文章的提问能力与其阅读理解能力的关系,结果发现:(1)学生提问频次变化范围较广,不同水平提问数量存在显著的差异;(2)从分水平的角度来看,被试个体提问最高频次和总频次,由多到少都呈现出第二、第三、第一水平的顺序;(3)学生第三水平提问总数对第二水平阅读理解能力有显著预测作用;(4)学生第三水平提问总数对第三水平阅读理解能力有一定的显著预测作用。     

The Product of Self-Deception

I raise the question of what cognitive attitude self-deception brings about. That is: what is the product of self-deception? Robert Audi and Georges Rey have argued that self-deception does not bring about belief in the usual sense, but rather “avowal” or “avowed belief.” That means a tendency to affirm verbally (both privately and publicly) that lacks normal belief-like connections to non-verbal actions. I contest their view by discussing cases in which the product of self-deception is implicated in action in a way that exemplifies the motivational role of belief. Furthermore, by applying independent criteria of what it is for a mental state to be a belief, I defend the more intuitive view that being self-deceived that p entails believing that p. Beliefs (i) are the default for action relative to other cognitive attitudes (such as imagining and hypothesis) and (ii) have cognitive governance over the other cognitive attitudes. I explicate these two relations and argue that they obtain for the product of self-deception.

文本阅读中回指推理发生的整合性因素

探讨回指距离、干扰词的精细描述、干扰词的典型性 对回指推理（先行词通达）的影响。包括2个实验,被试是华南师范大学一二年级本科生164名。采用移动窗口技术,要求被试阅读一定篇数（如,实验1a每个被试阅读15篇）的文章,对不同条件的探测词的反应时进行统计。实验1探讨干扰词精细描述类型（精细描述高和精细描述低）对回指推理的影响。结果表明,干扰的精细描述并非是影响回指推理的主要因素。实验2探讨干扰词和先行词的典型性类型的相对变化对回指推理的影响。结果表明高典型干扰在不同回指距离条件下都会对回指推理产生影响。本研究结果初步证明在影响回指推理的干扰典型性和干扰精细描述的二个因素中,起主要作用的是干扰的典型性