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Roberto R. Kampfner 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2013,69(1-4):689-702
The function support paradigm of information systems development seeks to exploit the potential synergy that can be obtained by making the information processing system an integral part of organizational function. This requires for the information processing system to be embedded into the structure and dynamics underlying the function it supports. This is shown to be the case in natural systems, where the synergy is obtained through the compatibility of information processing with the structure and dynamics of the overall system. Current approaches to the development of information systems do not consider, in a sufficiently explicit manner, the structure and dynamics of organizations as a determinant of their information processing requirements. As a consequence, the resulting information systems usually do not provide the required level of support. We argue that, to be effective, man‐made information systems must also be compatible with the organizational functions they support. The contribution of the information system to the adaptability of the organization as a whole is proposed as a broad but robust and effective measure of its effectiveness. 相似文献
853.
When occupational stressors, that is stress-producing environmental circumstances (SPECs) in the workplace, lead to anxiety, this anxiety is considered work-related strain. Social support is frequently recommended as a treatment of such strain, because it is expected to help in one of three ways: by directly reducing the anxiety, by interacting with SPECs to reduce the strength of their effects on anxiety, and by weakening the strength of the SPECs themselves. Future research on anxiety and social support in conjunction with work-related SPECs could shed new light on the relations among these three, variables by employing one or more of three approaches: designing investigations that allow stronger causal inference, testing hypotheses derived from theory, and examining potential cross-cultural differences in the nature of and reactions to social support. 相似文献
854.
This article examined the hypothesis that resilience mediates the relationship between marital satisfaction and a host of relevant variables, including spousal attachment, social support, and affect. Participants were 195 married individuals, who completed online surveys about their marriage. Importantly, the findings indicated that resilience has a direct effect on marital satisfaction. In addition, affect and social support were each shown to indirectly impact satisfaction through resilience. The relationships between spousal attachment, resilience, and satisfaction were more complicated than predicted and are further discussed. Overall, the results demonstrate the importance of resilience in marital satisfaction. 相似文献
855.
Associations of Trait Emotional Intelligence with Social Support,Work Engagement,and Creativity in Japanese Eldercare Nurses 下载免费PDF全文
Work‐related resources can be positive antecedents of employee work engagement (WE) and creativity. Although trait emotional intelligence (EI) and social support may be crucial resources in nursing, their relationships with WE and creativity remain unclear. Hence, with special focus on the role of trait EI, we examined this relationship by applying the job demands‐resources (JD‐R) model. The participants were 489 eldercare nurses in Japan (female: n = 401; male: n = 88; age = 39.5 ± 11.0 years). The results showed positive associations between EI and the other studied variables. Furthermore, moderated mediation analyses revealed that higher trait EI enhanced the positive association among the triad of social support, WE, and creativity. The findings provide additional evidence that, in nurses, trait EI may be a noteworthy personal resource for creativity in the relationship between social support and WE. 相似文献
856.
Critical Time Intervention for Homeless People Making the Transition to Community Living: A Randomized Controlled Trial 下载免费PDF全文
Renée de Vet Mariëlle D. Beijersbergen Irene E. Jonker Danielle A.M. Lako Albert M. van Hemert Daniel B. Herman Judith R.L.M. Wolf 《American journal of community psychology》2017,60(1-2):175-186
To help create an evidence base in Europe for effective interventions that improve the well‐being of homeless people, we tested whether critical time intervention (CTI), a time‐limited intervention developed to support vulnerable people during times of transition, is effective outside the United States. For this multicenter, parallel‐group randomized controlled trial, 183 adults who were moving from shelters in the Netherlands to supported or independent housing were allocated to CTI or care‐as‐usual. The primary outcome was number of days rehoused, which was assessed by interviewing participants four times during a 9‐month follow‐up. Outcomes were analyzed with three‐level mixed‐effects models. The primary outcome did not differ between groups. CTI had a significant effect on family support and, for people experiencing less social support, psychological distress. Groups did not differ significantly on social support, fulfillment of care needs, quality of life, self‐esteem, excessive alcohol use, or cannabis use. Because few participants were homeless at 9 months, more research is needed to establish whether CTI can prevent long‐term recurrent homelessness. Given recent emphasis on informal support in public services and positive effects of CTI on family support and psychological distress, CTI is a fitting intervention for Dutch shelter services. 相似文献
857.
就重型颅脑外伤由于过氧化反应后自由基产生的原因、自由基对神经细胞的继发损伤、自由基在重型颅脑外伤状态下诱发或并发全身炎性反应综合征以及两种因素所引起的神经细胞凋亡进行综述。同时就目前学者们在手术抢救、监测血液粘度、持续腰大池置管脑脊液外引流术、亚低温治疗、药物治疗、高压氧与活性氧液治疗、恒定磁场治疗等方面治疗自由基和全身炎性反应综合征对神经细胞的继发损伤进行了讨论。重型颅脑外伤后应重视自由基和全身炎性反应综合征的治疗。 相似文献
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结合启动范式和汉字判断任务,通过操纵目标字语义透明度,在汉字阅读过程探查了二、三、五年级儿童对形旁语义的加工。采用 3×2×2 混合实验设计,自变量为被试类型(小学二、三、五年级儿童)、启动字类型(字形相关 vs. 无关)和目标字类型(透明字 vs. 模糊字)。结果发现启动字类型、目标字类型和年级三者交互作用显著。随后分析在三五年级儿童中发现了显著的独立于字形的形旁语义启动效应,启动字中的共享形旁对模糊字的识别产生了更大的抑制作用,而在二年级儿童中并没有发现这种效应。说明形旁语义在儿童的心理词典中存在独立表征,可以被激活并促进儿童对汉字的识别,但是需要儿童的阅读理解能力发展到一定程度。 相似文献