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951.
952.
中学生学业成就动机归因训练效果的追踪研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
研究用定性和定量相结合的研究方法,对13年前为初中生进行的成就动机训练效果进行了追踪研究。结果显示,与对照组相比,这些受训者在任务选择、行为强度和坚持性方面均表现出较高水平;成功期望较强烈;对成功或成就倾向于作能力、努力归因。这一结果表明,归因训练能够对人产生深远的影响,动机的改善具有长期效果。 相似文献
953.
星象学的基本假设是一个人出生时的星运位置可以决定其人格特质和重大际遇。本研究以16PF为工具,测查了165名大一学生,并按被试的出生日期和时辰确定了其星座。总的来说,结果不支持星座决定人格倾向的理论。 相似文献
954.
955.
Willem B. Drees 《Zygon》2005,40(3):545-554
Abstract. “Religion and science” often is understood as being about the relationship between two given enterprises, religion and science. I argue that it is more accurate to understand religion and science in different contexts differently. (1) It serves as apologetics for science in a religious environment. As apologetics for technology the role of religion‐and‐science is more ambivalent, as competing and contrary responses to modern technology find articulation in religious terms. (2) In the political context of the modern university, some invoke religion‐and‐science in arguing for a place of theology alongside the sciences. In this context, secular studies of religion are a major challenge, which is hardly addressed. (3) Within the religious communities, religion‐and‐science is a battleground between revisionist and traditionalist ways of understanding religion. 相似文献
956.
医学教育改革与医学生整体素质培养的再思考 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
马立骥 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2005,26(6):75-76
新时期对医学生的素质有新的要求,医学教育改革面临新的挑战.医学问题最终是关于"人"的问题,能培养出素质高、能力强、全面发展、自我发展、持续发展的医学人才,是改革的关键. 相似文献
957.
评述基于认知加工的第二语言习得研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
认知加工研究范式是第二语言习得内在因素研究的一个重要方法,它代表第二语言习得向计量研究发展的方向。这一范式注重研究习得动态过程,不仅关注学习者习得什么和为什么能习得,更关注学习者是怎样掌握目标语规则的过程。除了计量研究特点外,该范式还从语言本体研究范式合理吸收了有关理论和方法,这些对汉语作为第二语言习得研究都具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
958.
Schneider W Kron V Hünnerkopf M Krajewski K 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2004,88(2):193-209
This article reports the first findings of the Würzburg Longitudinal Memory Study, which focuses on children's verbal memory development, particularly the acquisition of memory strategies. At the beginning of the study, 100 kindergarten children (mean age 6 1/2 years) were tested on various memory measures, including sort-recall, text recall, short-term memory capacity, and metamemory. Assessments were repeated twice, with adjacent measurement points separated by 6-month time intervals. One major goal of the initial phase of the study concerned the exploration of the utilization deficiency phenomenon, which refers to the fact that young children who spontaneously use a memory strategy for the first time do not experience immediate memory benefits. Results obtained for the sort-recall task showed that, among those children who acquired a sorting strategy between Times 1 and 2, only a small proportion experienced the utilization deficiency problem. Additional analyses demonstrated that these few children also performed more poorly on the short-term memory tasks and the text recall measure when compared with the groups of efficient strategy users, suggesting that utilization deficiency is accompanied by a more general memory capacity problem. Overall, the findings revealed enormous variability in the early acquisition of memory strategies, indicating that the utilization deficiency phenomenon might not be as frequent as is assumed in the relevant literature. 相似文献
959.
This study compared three different methods of teaching five basic algebra rules to college students. All methods used the same procedures to teach the rules and included four 50-question review sessions interspersed among the training of the individual rules. The differences among methods involved the kinds of practice provided during the four review sessions. Participants who received cumulative practice answered 50 questions covering a mix of the rules learned prior to each review session. Participants who received a simple review answered 50 questions on one previously trained rule. Participants who received extra practice answered 50 extra questions on the rule they had just learned. Tests administered after each review included new questions for applying each rule (application items) and problems that required novel combinations of the rules (problem-solving items). On the final test, the cumulative group outscored the other groups on application and problem-solving items. In addition, the cumulative group solved the problem-solving items significantly faster than the other groups. These results suggest that cumulative practice of component skills is an effective method of training problem solving. 相似文献
960.
This study assumes that rape victim advocates who provide community outreach services to victimized women must adjust to a heightened awareness of sexual violence to do their jobs. Using qualitative methodology, this multiple case study explored rape victim advocates' strategies for incorporating repeated exposure to sexual assault into their daily lives as well as ways that organizations can support such endeavors. Findings suggest that advocates' self-care routines draw upon various personal resources (i.e., cognitive, physical, social, spiritual, verbal), and serve 2 roles for coping with rape-related pain: (a) cathartic releasing of traumatic material, and (b) improving capacity to integrate the traumatic material into one's life. Additionally, over 20 organizational characteristics that workers perceive to be supportive (e.g., weekly meetings, flexible hours) were identified. Nonparametric and categorical statistical analyses were used to analyze the relationship between organizational support and self-care routines, finding that advocates working in organizations with higher levels of support utilize more strategies that are integrative in nature. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献