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961.
Daniel Heller Irwin P. Levin Martin Goransson 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2002,89(2)
This study investigates the antecedents (task and decision maker characteristics) and consequences (set size and decision quality) of prescreening strategy selection. In Experiment 1 we investigated which strategy, inclusion or exclusion, is more natural for narrowing choices in tasks with a single correct answer; about 70% of the participants selected exclusion. Experiment 2 directly contrasted correct answer tasks with personal judgment tasks, using the same foils for the two tasks. Participants were more likely to use exclusion for items with a correct answer than for personal judgments. In Experiment 3, participants could choose different strategies for different items and rated the difficulty of each item. The greater the perceived difficulty of an item, the more likely participants were to choose an exclusion strategy. In all three experiments exclusion led to larger set sizes, across task type and experimental design. There were no differences in decision quality as a function of strategy selection after correcting for set size. Individual differences based on personality inventories were not found to be good predictors of strategy selection, but had moderate effects on set size for personal judgment tasks. Results are discussed in terms of a status quo bias for adding or deleting options from an initial reference frame. 相似文献
962.
Sue Campbell Clark 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2002,61(1):92-108
This study examines two critical psychological states—employees' sense of work community and their sense of control—as mediating variables between personal/work factors and work/family conflict in the context of two Native American organizations. The questionnaire data come from 151 employees, 77 of whom are Nez Perce Indians. Results using structural equation modeling show that employees' sense of community and sense of control at work mediate the relationship among four personal/work factors (employees' ethnicity, family-sensitive supervision, the intrinsic value they place on their work, and work flexibility) and work/family role conflict. 相似文献
963.
新疆艾滋病形势严峻,艾滋病重点疫区的护理人员普遍存在着对艾滋病知识的缺乏,对艾滋病患者持有歧视、恐惧的心理及缺乏基本的防护知识等现状,艾滋病护理扩展培训项目的实施,通过对护理人员进行的艾滋病知识培训,对艾滋病干预模式进行了有益的探索和实践。 相似文献
964.
1型糖尿病动物模型干预研究显示有效阻断口细胞自身免疫性损伤可阻止或逆转新发生的糖尿病。已完成的临床免疫调节干预研究的结果并不令人满意,目前有数百项Ⅰ、Ⅱ期临床阶段的干预试验研究在招募或进行中。早期临床试验发现长期服用T细胞抑制剂环孢素A可提高新诊断1型糖尿病的缓解率,但是由于担心其长期服用所致的肾毒性等不良反应,终止了其在1型糖尿病治疗中的进一步应用。目前针对1型糖尿病免疫调节治疗主要集中在抗原特异性(胰岛素、谷氨酸脱羧酶65)、抗原非特异性(抗淋巴细胞单克隆抗体)免疫调节治疗和促进β细胞新生等措施方面,这三大类措施的联合应用有可能实现更有效的干预效果和较低的毒副作用。目前针对1型糖尿病的三级预防临床研究的现实意义较一、二级预防研究更大,可在较短时间内、花费更少的资金和精力获得更有效的干预措施,而这些试验的成功更加有利于一、二级1型糖尿病的预防。寻找更准确的1型糖尿病发病预测和评价干预效果的方法是成功探索1型糖尿病干预手段的关键之处。 相似文献
965.
This article presents a review of studies that have investigated the neuropsychological effects of antiretroviral treatment
(ART) for HIV-1 infection. It provides a brief overview of the era of monotherapy, dual-therapy, and an extended overview
of the current era of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART). This review highlights that while CART has had a dramatic
effect on the incidence and the severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), HAND, in its mild form, still
remains prevalent. New causes of this sustained prevalence are poor CNS penetration of some antiretroviral agents, drug resistance,
poor adherence, potential neurotoxicity, co-morbidities such as the long-term CART side effects in relation to cardio-vascular
disease, and chronic HIV brain infection that may facilitate the expression of new forms of neurodegenerative processes. The
review emphasizes the need to address methodological limitations of published studies and the need for large and representative
cross-disciplinary longitudinal investigations across the HIV illness span. 相似文献
966.
Li Li Chunqing Lin Guoping Ji Stephanie Sun Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(1):93-101
In China, HIV shifts the lifestyle of not only parents living with HIV/AIDS, but also their children, partners, and extended
families. We examined factors related to the quality of life of parents living with HIV and the relation between family functioning
and individual quality of life. Interviews were conducted with a total of 116 parents living with HIV/AIDS. Analyses of variance,
Pearson correlations, and multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relation between family functioning and
quality of life. We found a significant association between family functioning and individual quality of life for parents
living with HIV. In particular, family sociability had a strong relationship with the quality of life of parents living with
HIV. Parents living with HIV from families where both parents are HIV-positive reported a lower level of family sociability
than those from families with only one HIV-positive parent. HIV disclosure, family sociability, and number of children per
family were found to be significant predictors of overall quality of life for the population. Study findings underscore the
importance of developing interventions that improve family functioning for people living with HIV/AIDS in China. 相似文献
967.
Jungmeen Kim John R. Nesselroade Michael E. McCullough 《Journal of Adult Development》2009,16(2):87-100
Intraindividual patterns of time-lagged relationships among self-reports of worldviews/religious beliefs, self-concept, and
physical and psychological well-being were investigated. Participants were older adults (mean age = 77 years) who were measured
weekly covering a total of 25 weeks. Dynamic Factor Models were fitted to multivariate repeated measures data pooled over
subsets of participants. The results showed significant time-lagged cross-factor relationships suggesting that worldviews/religious
beliefs had a significant direct effect on self-concept and physical health over 2 weeks. For each factor series, there were
substantial autoregressive effects indicating persisting effects of factors on themselves over 1 or 2 weeks. A link between
worldviews/religious beliefs and physical health was found in the time-lagged structure of within-person variability. The
findings underscore the need to study both intraindividual change and interindividual differences in intraindividual variability
to obtain a better understanding of behavior and behavioral development.
相似文献
Jungmeen KimEmail: |
968.
Elaheh Hejazi Mehrnaz Shahraray Masomeh Farsinejad Ali Asgary 《Social Psychology of Education》2009,12(1):123-135
The purpose of this study was to assess the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between identity styles
and academic achievement. Four-hundred high school students (200 male, 200 female) who were selected through cluster random
sampling, completed the Revised Identity Styles Inventory (ISI, 6G) and Morgan-Jink Student Efficacy Scales (MJSES). Path
analysis was used to analyze the data. In general, the results indicated that informational identity style had a positive
direct impact on academic achievement, while diffuse/avoidance identity style had a negative effect on academic achievement.
Data also suggested that informational and normative identity style had a positive influence on academic achievement through
the mediation of academic self-efficacy.
相似文献
Elaheh HejaziEmail: |
969.
该文运用任务分离法和Remember/Know程序,分别以图形和汉词为材料,研究集中注意和重度分散注意条件下内隐记忆和熟悉性的关系,以揭示外显记忆中熟悉性的属性,结果发现:(1)知觉性内隐记忆在集巾注意和蕈度分散注意下差异不显著,再认中的熟悉性在这两种注意水平下差异显著;(2)概念性内隐记忆、线索回忆中的熟悉性在两种注意水平下差异均显著.据此熟悉性和知觉性内隐记忆相分离,与概念性内隐记忆未出现分离,从而可以推测外显记忆中的熟悉性主要受语义流畅性加工调节. 相似文献
970.
This study examined the relationship between social fears and the three subscales of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) in a non‐clinical, student sample. In particular, the unique variance that the three ASI factors accounted for in social scrutiny fears, social interaction fears, and fear during a social challenge was investigated. Anxiety Sensitivity–Social Concern (AS‐Social Concern) was hypothesised to account for a significant proportion of the variance in social fears compared to the other two subscales. Seventy one university students completed a series of psychological‐based questionnaires and participated in a social challenge (videotaped speech task). Contrary to prediction, AS‐Social Concern did not account for a unique proportion of the variance in social fears, but AS‐Physical Concern and AS‐Mental Concern did account for unique variance in social fears. Results are interpreted in light of recent findings on the structure of ASI. 相似文献