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141.
Time pressure could make drivers exhibit more risky driving behaviour. Attitudes can influence people’s behaviours, but few studies have explored the influence of prosocial attitudes on driving behaviour. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of prosocial attitudes on driving behaviour under time pressure. A 2 (high/low prosocial attitude) *2 (present/no time pressure) mixed design was used to investigate the interaction between prosocial attitude and time pressure on driving behaviour. Prosocial attitudes and time pressure have a significant main effect on driving behaviour. Drivers with high prosocial attitudes made lane changes at a greater distance from pedestrians and decelerated to a greater degree than drivers with low prosocial attitudes when interacting with pedestrians. Under time pressure, people drive faster and accelerate more quickly. Specifically, we found an interaction between time pressure and prosocial attitudes on driving behaviour. Drivers with low prosocial attitudes showed higher speeds than drivers with high prosocial attitudes under the time pressure scenario on foggy roads. The results showed that high prosocial attitudes lead to friendly interactions with pedestrians and careful driving in specific situations, even under time pressure. The present study not only expands the research on driving behaviour and attitude but can also provide some data support and guidance for driver selection and training. 相似文献
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为了分析餐后低血压(PPH)患者的24h 动态血压变化特点,选择150例原发性高血压患者进行24h 动态血压监测,分成 PPH 组(n=85)和非 PPH(n=65)。观察两组平均血压、血压负荷值、晨峰值、血压变异性等指标。结果显示,(1) PPH 组年龄明显高于非 PPH 组(P<0.05);(2)PPH 组患者24h 及日间、夜间平均收缩压及平均收缩压负荷高于非PPH 组(P<0.05),但舒张压无统计学差异(P>0.05);(3) PPH 组患者血压变异性明显高于非 PPH 组(P <0.05);(4) PPH 组患者血压晨峰数值及晨峰发生率明显高于非 PPH 组(P<0.05);(5) PPH 组夜间血压下降率及非勺型率较非 PPH 组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。因此,PPH 患者易发生于高龄患者,且具有收缩压、血压变异性增高,更易发生晨峰现象的特点。 相似文献
145.
深入了解神经外科病房护士针对开颅术患者预防及护理手术压疮过程中所面临的问题及真实护理体验。以《定性研究统一报告标准:个体访谈和焦点组访谈的32项清单》为指导,采用质性研究中的现象学方法对8名神经肿瘤外科护士(师)进行一对一的半结构式访谈。共提炼3个主要概念:病房护士预见性护理评估很关键;缺乏科学有效的手术压疮风险评估工具;术后压疮护理措施实施有难度等,共8个次要概念。对手术压疮患者高危因素的识别及风险评估工具的应用,还需护理管理者及决策者作进一步的规范和研究。 相似文献
146.
Whilst motorcycling is an activity of pleasure in most parts of the world, in India it is a regular mode of commuting. Incidence of fatigue is substantially higher among motorcycle riders than drivers of other modes of transport. The objective of this study was to detect physical fatigue due to motorcycle riding for an hour using surface electromyography (sEMG) and seat interface pressure. Twenty healthy male participants performed 60 min of motorcycle riding in a low traffic density environment. Muscle activity was recorded bilaterally from extensor carpi radialis (ECR), biceps brachii (BB), trapezius medial (TM), sternocleldomastoid (S) latissimus dorsi (LD) and erector spinae (ES) muscle groups. Interface seat pressure distribution was monitored using a pressure mapping system. Results showed that participants have significant (p < 0.05) physical fatigue in TM, LD and ES muscle groups during 60 min of motorcycle riding. Seat pressure distribution was found to be non-uniform during the course of motorcycling. Results suggest that the impact on local physical fatigue and seat discomfort are probably due to static seating demand and prolonged sitting posture balance required to ride the motorcycle for an hour. 相似文献
147.
《Psychology of sport and exercise》2014,15(6):696-704
ObjectivesThe purposes of this study were to (a) examine the prevalence of disordered eating among female figure skaters, (b) compare levels of disordered eating between skaters and their same-age peers, (c) compare levels of disordered eating between elite skaters and their sub-elite counterparts, and (d) examine general and sport-related correlates of disordered eating (i.e., four sport-related weight pressures, general and sport-related body dissatisfaction, positive and negative perfectionism, self-esteem, and athletic identity).DesignThis study employed a cross-sectional design.MethodsParticipants completed paper–pencil surveys, including measures for disordered eating, four sport-related weight pressures, general and sport-related body dissatisfaction, positive and negative perfectionism, self-esteem, and athletic identity. Participants included 272 female figure skaters ages 12–25 (M = 15.63) across five US states.ResultsThirteen percent of participants scored within range of problematic eating attitudes and behaviors but were no more symptomatic than their same-age peers when compared to existing normative data. Levels of disordered eating did not significantly differ between those competing at the elite and sub-elite level. After controlling for body mass index and age, disordered eating was significantly predicted by self-consciousness of weight and appearance, general and sport-related body dissatisfaction, and positive perfectionism.ConclusionsDisordered eating occurs in female figure skaters across competitive levels. Concern over weight and appearance, dissatisfaction with one's body in general and in sport, and positive perfectionism may serve as important tools in the prevention and detection of disordered eating in female figure skaters. 相似文献
148.
本研究以大学生为被试,以孙彦等人(2012)所研究的”MP3购买问题”为实验材料,采用2(时间压力:有时间压力/无时间压力)×2(图形版本:图形版本1/图形版本2)×2(品牌类型:品牌A/品牌B)三因素混合设计探讨了时间压力对品牌决策中图形框架效应的影响。结果表明:(1)在无时间压力条件下被试的品牌决策偏好受到了图形版本的影响,即出现了图形框架效应;(2)在有时间压力条件下图形框架效应对品牌决策偏好的影响被弱化了,说明图形框架效应是一个精细加工的过程。 相似文献
149.
Sophie E. Yeung 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(6):733-755
ABSTRACT Objectives: Blood pressure is an indicator of vascular health that has been associated with cognition and quality of life in older age. Few studies have examined blood pressure across everyday cognitive tasks, which may have superior predictive functional utility than traditional cognitive measures. We explored blood pressure as a predictor of everyday problem solving (EPS) performance in middle-aged and older women. Method: Community-dwelling women (age: 51–91) with low-normal blood pressure to mild hypertension underwent traditional and everyday cognitive testing. EPS was determined by the number of safe/effective solutions generated for real-world scenarios. Results: Analyses revealed that lower systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were associated with worse EPS ability after controlling for age, education, and traditional cognitive abilities. Discussion: These results support that blood pressure may be an important predictor of everyday cognitive abilities in older age. Potential implications for real-world functioning are discussed. 相似文献
150.
Dongming Liu Haiming Wen Dalong Zhang Chuanxin Wang Yaojun Lin Yuhong Xiong 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(11):741-748
In this study, we report on the influence of high pressure on the microstructure evolution of cryomilled nanostructured Al alloy powders during spark plasma sintering (SPS). Our experimental results suggest that the particular mechanism that governs grain growth during SPS depends on the magnitude of the applied pressure. In the case of material consolidated at a high pressure (e.g. 500 MPa), grain coarsening occurs via a combination of thermally activated grain boundary (GB) migration, stress-coupled GB migration and grain rotation-induced grain coalescence. In contrast, in the case of the material consolidated at a low pressure (50 MPa), grain growth occurs primarily via thermally activated GB migration. 相似文献