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791.
Jürgen Habermas’s discourse-theoretic reconstruction of the normative foundations of democracy assumes the formal separation
of democratic political practice from the economic system. Democratic autonomy presupposes a vital public sphere protected
by a complex schedule of individual rights. These rights are supposed to secure the formal and material conditions for democratic
freedom. However, because Habermas argues that the economy must be left to function according to endogenous market dynamics,
he accepts as a condition of democracy (the formal separation of spheres) a social structure that is in fact anti-democratic.
The value of self-determination that Habermas’s theory of democracy presupposes is contradicted by the actual operations of
capitalist markets. Further democratic development demands that the steering mechanisms of the capitalist market be challenged
by self-organizing civic movements. 相似文献
792.
Shrader-Frechette K 《Science and engineering ethics》2005,11(4):518-520
On August 22, 2005 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued proposed new regulations for radiation releases from the
planned permanent U.S. nuclear-waste repository in Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The goal of the new standards is to provide public-health
protection for the next million years — even though everyone admits that the radioactive wastes will leak. Regulations now
guarantee individual and equal protection against all radiation exposures above the legal limit. Instead E.P.A. recommended
different radiation exposure-limits for different time periods. It also recommended using only the arithmetic mean of the
dose distribution, to assess regulatory compliance during one time period, but using only the median dose to assess compliance
during another period. This piece argues that these two changes — in exposure-limits and in methods of assessing regulatory
compliance — have at least four disturbing consequences. The changes would threaten equal protection, ignore the needs of
the most vulnerable, allow many fatal exposures, and sanction scientifically flawed dose calculations. 相似文献
793.
The effects of self-set goals and public posting on athletic performance of 5 collegiate football players was studied. All players were linebackers on a National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics Division II football team. The dependent variables were the percentage of correct occasions when the linebacker (a) positioned himself to cover a specified area on the field during a pass or from the line of scrimmage during a run; (b) moved to the correct position in response to the positioning of the offense; and (c) tackled and stopped the progress of the ball carrier. A multiple baseline design across behaviors showed an immediate increase in the practice performance of the players and a corresponding increase in game performance following introduction of the independent variable. This study extends research using public posting in sport by demonstrating the effects of player-determined goals and public posting of goal attainment. 相似文献
794.
Friedman PJ 《Science and engineering ethics》2002,8(3):413-420
Conflicts of interest have an erosive effect on trust in science, damaging first the attitude of the public toward scientists
and their research, but also weakening the trusting interdependence of scientists. Disclosure is recognized as the key tool
for management of conflicts, but rules with sanctions must be improved, new techniques for avoidance of financial conflicts
by alternative funding of evaluative research must be sought, and there must be new thinking about institutional conflicts
of interest. Our profession is education, and both the public and research professionals of all ages would benefit from greater
understanding of how science should and does work.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an International Conference on “Conflict of Interest and its Significance
in Science and Medicine” held in Warsaw, Poland on 5–6 April, 2002. 相似文献
795.
796.
Svend Andersen 《Dialog》2004,43(4):312-323
Abstract : A Lutheran bioethics must rest on a reconstructed version of Martin Luther's ethics. In the article it is shown that this ethics is Christian in that it has faith in Jesus Christ as its source. But the ethics of neighbor love is practiced in the secular world where it to some extent corresponds with natural law ethics. A Christian believer acts ethically both as an individual and as a citizen. Against the background of this understanding of Lutheran ethics, the position of Ted Peters and Gilbert Meilaender on genetics and stem cells is presented and criticized. One conclusion is that there is no Lutheran doctrine on the status of the human embryo. 相似文献
797.
Can We Talk? Self‐Presentation and the Survey Response 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Adam J. Berinsky 《Political psychology》2004,25(4):643-659
This paper explores how the personality characteristics of individuals affect the answers they give to questions on controversial political topics. In April and May 2000, a random-digit-dial survey of 518 Americans was conducted in the continental United States. This survey included question batteries measuring two psychological concepts related to self-presentation. Respondents were also asked about their opinion on a number of sensitive topics, such as feelings toward blacks and homosexuals and their opinions about spending on popular programs, including schools and the environment. Their responses to these questions varied as a function of their self-presentation personality characteristics. The results presented here suggest that self-presentation measures such as those assessed here can improve our understanding of how the social dynamics of the survey interview affect responses to sensitive questions. 相似文献
798.
GOD AS A COMMUNICATIVE SYSTEM SUI GENERIS: BEYOND THE PSYCHIC, SOCIAL, PROCESS MODELS OF THE TRINITY
by Young Bin Moon 《Zygon》2010,45(1):105-126
With an aim to develop a public theology for an age of information media (or media theology), this article proposes a new God-concept: God is a communicative system sui generis that autopoietically processes meaning/information in the supratemporal realm via perfect divine media ad intra (Word/Spirit). For this task, Niklas Luhmann's systems theory is critically appropriated in dialogue with theology. First, my working postmetaphysical/epistemological stance is articulated as realistic operational constructivism and functionalism. Second, a series of arguments are advanced to substantiate the thesis: (1) God is an observing system sui generis ; (2) self-referential communication is divine operation; (3) unsurpassable complexity is divine mystery; (4) supratemporal autopoiesis of meaning is divine processing; (5) agape is the symbolic medium of divine communication. Third, this communicative model of God is developed into a trinitarian theology, with a claim that this model offers a viable alternative beyond the standard (psychic, social, process) models. Finally, some implications of this model are explored for constructive theology (conceiving creation as divine mediatization) and for science-and-religion in terms of derivative models: (1) God as a living system sui generis and (2) God as a meaning system sui generis . 相似文献
799.
800.
Terri Mannarini Angela Fedi Stefania Trippetti 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2010,20(4):262-274
The study was aimed at identifying the impact of a pool of variables on the willingness of the participants in five consultative arenas (Open Space Technology) to become involved in future experiences of civic engagement. The study also intended to verify whether such willingness varied among subgroups of participants. In total, 194 participants (49.5% men, 50.5% women; mean age = 37.04) were recruited during five OSTs held in Italy between May and November 2008 and asked to fill in a questionnaire composed of the following measures: perceived costs and benefits, emotions, sense of community, trust in institutions and need for cognitive closure. Findings suggested that the setting‐related variables—namely the perception of costs and benefits and the arousal of positive feelings—were more influential than the community‐related variables, such as sense of community and trust in institutions. Indications and suggestions for the design, implementation and evaluation of participatory settings were discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献