美国补充与替代医疗体系的变迁及公众影响力

基于美国对补充与替代医学 (Complementary and Alternative Medicine, CAM) 的政策性文件, 结合美国亚马逊公司旗下产品"亚马逊 (美国) "的CAM图书的种类分布和销量情况, 以及美国公民使用CAM疗法的调查数据, 梳理了美国CAM体系变迁及公众影响力。美国政府对CAM的政策及体系界定经历了数次变迁。中医等传统医学及部分疗法在CAM体系内的归类发生过变化。部分CAM疗法被吸纳入美国医疗卫生保健体系。CAM在美国公众中有着巨大影响力。中医在美国的公众影响力主要在于针灸疗法, 且影响力在CAM疗法中并不突出。     

健康城市建设中多部门合作现状与对策研究

健康城市建设过程中面临的诸多问题常常跨越了各个部门的边界, 因此必须发展新的协调合作方式, 通过多部门的合作来促进健康城市的建设。目前健康城市建设中多部门合作的成功经验主要包括政府统筹强力主导、参与机制初步建立、合作理念得到普遍认同, 但在多部门合作制度、政府内部协调机制、社会部门参与程度、资源整合水平等方面仍然存在不足之处。结合有益经验和存在不足提出政府层面和社会层面的相关对策建议。     

基于公益性的公立医院理事会型治理模式的构建

新医改方案明确强调公立医院回归公益性,并提出建立和完善医院法人治理结构。公立医院法人治理改革必须确保和强化其公益性特点,并在此基础上尝试构建我国公立医院理事会型治理模式的基本框架,以期得出有助于推进我国公立医院法人治理结构改革的结论及建议。分析了公立医院内部治理的核心,即建立权力、责任与利益相互制衡的机制;以及独立理事制度、有效的市场竞争机制、信息披露机制和社会监督体系等公益性的外部保障。构建公立医院理事会型治理模式必须完善医院内外部治理结构与机制,同时要有相应的政策法规配套。     

融合与实践：20世纪初美国护士助产士的出现

通过梳理20世纪初期美国护士助产士出现的历史过程,分析其出现的推动因素。母婴高死亡率问题引发了产科医生与护士对于分娩的不同理解,并且分别在医院与家庭中开展助产实践。护士助产士融合了护理与助产实践,并与医生建立合作关系。在这个过程中,护士助产士良好地平衡了医生与护士之间的观念分歧,并且推动了护理专业范围的拓展。护士助产士的出现带来了对分娩观念的理性思辨,护士助产士的实践模式为未来中国发展助产士、提高母婴健康水平提供了历史借鉴。

     

江苏省公立医院医务人员工作满意度评价及调查分析

采用问卷调查和深入访谈,评价及分析江苏省公立医院医务人员的工作满意度。问卷调查包括薪酬福利、发展晋升、工作内容与工作环境、上下级关系、同级同事关系5个维度。结合调查结果,对参与问卷调查的某省级三甲医院的医务人员进行深入访谈。江苏省公立医院医务人员工作满意度低于全国水平的原因集中在职业风险高、工作负担重、晋升机会少等方面。为充分调动医务人员的工作积极性,应该建立公平的薪酬补偿机制,增强医务人员的组织凝聚力。     

Comparative analysis of the risk-handling procedures for gene technology applications in medical and plant science

In this paper we analyse how the risks associated with research on transgenic plants are regulated in Sweden. The paper outlines the way in which pilot projects in the plant sciences are overseen in Sweden, and discusses the international and national background to the current regulatory system. The historical, and hitherto unexplored, reasons for the evolution of current administrative and legislative procedures in plant science are of particular interest. Specifically, we discuss similarities and differences in the regulation of medicine and plant science, and we examine the tendency towards dichotomizing risk — focusing on social/ethical risks in medicine and biological risks in plant science. The context of this article is the Synpraxia research project, an inter-disciplinary program combining expertise in sciences and the humanities.     

Homelessness in the United States: Assessing Changes in Prevalence and Public Opinion, 1993–2001

A national survey was administered in 1993-1994 (N = 360) and repeated in 2001 (N = 435) to assess the prevalence of homelessness as well as attitudes, opinions and knowledge regarding homelessness. No significant changes in prevalence were found, despite a strong US economy during most of the 7-8 year period. Respondents in 2001 had less stereotyped views of homeless people and were more supportive of services, but came to see homelessness as a less serious problem that was less often due to economic factors. This "mixed" set of findings may reflect both beliefs on the benefits of a good economy and an increased awareness of the complexity of homelessness. Across the surveys, younger, female, liberal, and less wealthy respondents demonstrated more sympathetic attitudes towards homeless people.     

Theme Articles: Mujerismo and The Two Kin‐doms: Distinction and Reconciliation

Abstract : The theological ethics underlining mujeristas' theological praxis and Luther's Two Kingdoms doctrine may seem to be contradictory to some. Mujerista theology calls for active engagement in the public sphere. Despite its utilization to the contrary, Luther's Two Kingdoms doctrine calls for that same active engagement of the Christian in civic matters. As a Lutheran Latina, I posit that the theological ethics of mujeristas and Luther's Two Kingdoms are distinct but reconcilable.     

The Historical Effect of Habermas in the Chinese Context: A Case Study of the Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere

The main purpose of this essay is not to give a full-scale and systematic exploration of the historical process concerning the acceptance of Habermas’ works in the Chinese-spoken world but to examine the historical effect of Habermas in the Chinese-spoken context and try to find a proper way to establish a good relationship between Habermas and the Chinese-spoken world by discussing the introduction, study, and application of Habermas’ most famous work, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, by Chinese scholars in recent years. Translated from Xiandai zhexue, 2005:1     

A New Methodology for Reporting the Status of Community Health Improvement in the United States

Objective To assure that Healthy Communities are achieved, a tracking methodology is proposed using four health improvement categories. Methods Counties are classified as having met or not met nine HP2010 mortality targets and as improving or not improving, creating four categories of community health improvement – static, progressing, exemplary, and maintaining. Results Exemplary counties make up 1.7%32.7% of counties, counties have both improved and met the HP2010 target during the period. Across all indicators, a large proportion remains of counties that have neither met the HP2010 target nor improved (33.572.8%). Conclusions Understanding why, how, and in what ways communities move from static to maintaining categories is necessary to guiding every local public health system to community health improvement.