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771.
Sheila M.Rothman 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(7):20-23
讨论卫生部门宣传和加强强制汇报的法律的努力、强制性汇报的规定与医学专业精神及个人自主性之间的冲突、私人医生避免遵守这些规则的策略、病人和倡议者设法避免强制性登记和检测的策略,以及医生/病人和公共卫生官员达成的妥协。最后对公共卫生政策提出建议,认识到强制性汇报存在的问题和卫生政策透明度的重要性。 相似文献
772.
A bicycle helmet program was evaluated in three middle schools using a multiple baseline across schools design. Two of the three schools had histories of enforcement of helmet use. During baseline many students riding their bikes to and from school did not wear their helmets or wore them incorrectly. A program that consisted of peer data collection of correct helmet use, education on how to wear a bicycle helmet correctly, peer goal setting, public posting of the percentage of correct helmet use, and shared reinforcers, all of which were implemented by the school resource officer, increased afternoon helmet use and afternoon correct helmet use in all three schools. Probe data collected a distance from all three schools indicated that students did not remove their helmets once they were no longer in close proximity to the school, and probe data collected in the morning at two of the schools showed that the behavior change transferred to the morning. 相似文献
773.
Cillian Mcbride 《Res Publica》2007,13(2):171-189
This paper argues that the contrast between direct and representative democracy is less important than that between simple
majoritarianism and deliberative i.e., public reason centred, democracy, as only the latter is sufficiently sensitive to the
problem of domination. Having explored a range of arguments in favour of direct democracy it is argued that moves in this
direction are only warranted when the practice of public reasoning will be enhanced. Both symbolic representation and delegate
democracy are rejected in favour of substantive measures to formalise communication between voters and representatives and
permit the formal contestation of political decision on the ground that these will provide stronger defences against domination
within the political system. 相似文献
774.
Tollefsen Christopher 《Christian Bioethics: Non-Ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality》2007,13(2):139-157
This paper critically explores the path of some of the controversiesover public reason and religion through four distinct steps.The first part of this article considers the engagement of JohnFinnis and Robert P. George with John Rawls over the natureof public reason. The second part moves to the question of religionby looking at the engagement of Nicholas Wolterstorff with Rawls,Robert Audi, and others. Here the question turns specificallyto religious reasons, and their permissible use by citizensin public debate and discourse. The third part engages JürgenHabermas's argument that while citizens must be free to makereligious arguments, still, there is an obligation of translation,and a motivational constraint on lawmakers. The final sectionargues that even though Habermas's proposal fails, neverthelesshe recognizes a key difficulty for religious citizens in contemporaryliberal polities. Restoration of a full role for religiouslygrounded justificatory reasons in public debate is one partof an adequate solution to this problem, but a second plankmust be added to the solution: recognition that religious reasonscan enter into public deliberation not just as first-order justificationsof particular policies, but as second-order reasons, to be consideredby any polity that respects its religious citizens and, morebroadly, the good of religion. 相似文献
775.
It seems intuitive to the believer that God intended throughinstruction in the Law to define morality, intended to leadhumankind to "the right and the good." Further, God's love forhumankind, exemplified by the incarnation, atonement and teachingsof Jesus, and empowered by the Holy Spirit, should lead to abetter world. Indeed, the Christian worldview is a coherentand valid way to look at bioethical issues in public policyand at the bedside. Yet, as this paper explores, in a pluralisticsociety such as the United States, it is neither possible nordesirable for Christians to try to force their views on others.Still, it is obligatory for Christians to stand up and articulatetheir views in the public square. We should try to persuadeothers using either prudential or moral arguments. While wemust be willing to live with "the will of the people," at thesame time, we must not be intimidated into accepting the positionthat our voice is not valid because it has a religious basis. 相似文献
776.
Few studies concern cooperative learning in Physical Education (PE). The purpose of this experimental design was to analyze
the role of verbal exchanges (discussions about the game) among peers within teams in a cooperative perspective. The participants
were 17 boys and 13 girls from a French primary school (average age: 9.4 years). They were randomly assigned to two control
and experimental groups. The study examined the effect of verbal exchanges on inter-personal relationships and on shooting
and skill level in a team game of basketball (with adapted rules). Participants were videotaped during the games in the two
groups and during discussions in the case of the experimental group. The experimental design took place during 10 physical
education lessons. The results showed positive effects of discussions within each team on the skill level in the game at the
deferred post-test. On the other hand, no effect was found on inter-personal relationships. These data strengthen previous
findings in the theoretical cooperation framework and in the team sports domain. 相似文献
777.
778.
Depicting a Liminal Position in Ethnomethodology, Conversation Analysis and Membership Categorization Analysis: The Work of Rod Watson 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper provides a provisional examination of Rod Watson's work and contributions to EM/CA/MCA, in part through a critique of misrepresentations of his arguments in secondary accounts of his work. The form of these misrepresentations includes adumbration and traducement of his arguments. Focusing on the reflexivity of category and sequence and turn-generated categories, we suggest that his analytic position within ethnomethodological fields is unique and remarkable, yet largely unacknowledged. We argue that a re-examination of the body of Watson's work makes relevant explicit and appropriate acknowledgement of his contributions through his unconventional approach and his extension of prior works in novel and stimulating directions. 相似文献
779.
Kemper B 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(2):303-309
Mass casualty attacks in recent years have demonstrated the need to include “evil intent” as a design consideration. Three
recent actual or potential weapons of mass destruction (WMD) attacks did not involve nuclear bombs or other devices designed
as weapons, but rather benign objects used with evil intent. Just as unplanned events such as hurricanes, earthquakes, fires,
and user misuse have been codified into design requirements based on the likelihood and potential impact of the event, “evil
intent” has to become part of the design process for buildings, vehicles, equipment, and other items. The endstate should
be reasonable additions to existing codes and standards such that it is clear what is and is not designed for. In the absence
of specific design guidance, professionals with appropriate expertise can assess potential for “evil intent” and provide recommendations
to design out or warn against this potential harm to public safety, particularly when codified requirements are not present.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Ethics and Social Responsibility in Engineering and Technology” meeting,
New Orleans, 2003.
Author Note: Bart Kemper, PE, is the principal engineer for Kemper Imageering, Inc. A significant portion of his work has been involved
in industrial equipment design, product design, and the design and analysis of different security devices as well as performing
simulations, computer modelling, reliability studies, blast analyses, and FMEA analyses on commercial equipment, including
marine, offshore, and industrial facilities. He is also a US Army Reserve captain in the Corps of Engineers and was mobilized
and deployed overseas in February 2003 in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom as a member of the 412th Engineer Command, headquartered in Vicksburg, Mississippi. A significant portion of his duties involved reviewing intelligence,
analyzing potential courses of action, and evaluating risks with regard to Iraqi and Coalition activities in the northern
Iraqi oilfields as well as base camp design and infrastructure engineering. This paper is unclassified and has been cleared
for publication. 相似文献
780.
Religious Parties, Religious Political Identity, and the Cold Shoulder of Liberal Democratic Thought
Nancy L. Rosenblum 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2003,6(1):23-53
Elements of the relation between religion and politics are standard themes in political theory: toleration and free exercise rights; the parameters of separation of church and state; arguments for and against constraints imposed on religious discourse by philosophic norms of public reason. But religious parties and partisanship are no part of political theory, despite contemporary interest in value pluralism and in liberal democratic theory's capacity to address multicultural, religious, and ethnic group claims. This essay argues that religious parties are missing elements in discussions of identity politics. They play an important role not just in expressing but also in constructing and mobilizing religious political identity. Political activity linked to parties is a principal way of bringing diffuse, politically unorganized groups, whose leaders are self-appointed and not regularly accountable for the way they represent co-religionists in political life, into the democratic mainstream. With political organization and especially partisanship, the fact of pluralism is made concrete for democratic purposes. 相似文献