The psychological adjustment of young immigrants in Norway

In order to examine the adjustment of young immigrants to their new cultural environment, questionnaires were administered to young Third World immigrants living in Norway. Responses (N = 568) obtained from these children aged 10 through 17 years old, indicated that even though they evaluated their health and present life as satisfactory, a good deal of low self-image, depressive tendencies and psychological and somatic symptoms were present among them. Approximately between 11 and 14% of the children were found to have from high to extreme levels of symptomatology. Anti-social behaviors were on the other hand almost entirely absent among the sample, a situation believed to be an artifact of the measuring instrument used. While no differences were observed between boys and girls with respect to how they evaluated their health and present life, girls were found to report more disorders than boys. Boys on the other hand reported engaging in more anti-social behaviours than girls. Using Norwegians of similar age as a reference group, these children were found to be worse off than their native peers. The children's psychological disorders were found to be related to their mode of acculturation, and that integration may be the most adaptive mode of acculturation.     

蔡元培在中国现代心理学史上的先驱地位与贡献

本文较全面系统地论述了蔡元培在中国现代心理学史上的先驱地位与贡献：留德跟冯特学习实验心理学,奠定了专业基础;扶持创建我国第一个心理实验室和第一个心理研究所,奠定了组织基础;关于心理学性质与方法之思想,提供了方法学基础;重视心理学在教育中的应用,推动了儿童与教育心理学的研究;文艺与美育心理之思想,开了我国现代文艺与美育心理学之先河;主张西方心理学与中国传统文化相结合,对心理学研究仍有指导意义。     

弗罗姆的社会心理学批判

弗罗姆的社会心理学是对马克思的思想和弗洛伊德的精神分析理论综合的结果,他以历史唯物主义为基础,修正和发展了弗洛伊德的精神分析学,将弗洛伊德的个体心理学发展为“社会心理学”,并将他在心理学上的发现和成果——社会性格学和社会无意识——用于对资本主义的批判。     

青少年网络游戏行为的心理需求研究

在质的研究及理论分析的基础上,构建了16-24岁青少年网络游戏行为的心理需求模型,然后根据该模型编制问卷,进行了量的研究。探索性与验证性因素分析的结果表明:(1)青少年网络游戏心理需求问卷由现实情感的补偿与发泄、人际交往与团队归属、成就体验三个维度组成,具有良好的信度和效度指标,可以施用;(2)青少年对网络游戏的心理需求程度与其对网络游戏的使用程度显著相关。     

"生态平衡":中国心理学研究突围的别一个方向

当下心理学研究出现的种种问题就其实质而言,是一种生态失衡现象,因此,心理学欲走向健康发展之轨道,应注重心理学研究的生态建设。     

论心理测验项目编写的科学性

本文以作为心理测验科学性最基本保证的项目编写为核心,论证了心理测验编制的前提、方法,心理测验项目编写的依据、项目的来源以及项目的分析指标等方面的科学性问题。     

授权的测量及其与员工工作态度的关系

首先，对Spreitzer的授权量表在中国文化背景下的适用性进行了检验，3家企业395份调查问卷的探索性因素分析和内部一致性分析表明，授权量表具有较好的效度和信度；20家企业942份调查问卷的验证性因素分析和内部一致性分析进一步验证了授权量表的效度和信度，这表明Spreitzer的授权四维模型在中国得到了验证，其编制的授权量表在中国具有较强的适用性。然后，利用20家企业942份调查问卷的结果，采用结构方程模型技术对授权与员工满意度、组织承诺、离职意向与工作倦怠等员工工作态度变量之间的关系进行了交叉验证分析，结果表明，工作意义对员工满意度与组织承诺有正向的影响，对离职意向与工作倦怠有负向的影响；自主性对员工满意度与组织承诺有正向的影响；自我效能对组织承诺有正向的影响     

自我超越生命意义对压力和健康关系的调节作用

研究目的是检验一个新的应激应对资源—自我超越生命意义的健康调节作用。自我超越生命意义的理论基础是东方的佛教哲学和道家哲学。研究的测量工具有：大学校园压力量表,一般健康问卷（GHQ-20）,自尊量表和自我超越生命意义量表。被试为来自北京市三所高校的788名大学生。研究结果为：自我超越生命意义可以调节应激条件下的忧郁情绪、一般健康问题和自尊,但是对于焦虑情绪和自我肯定的调节作用不明显。研究结论是：自我超越生命意义对心理健康的某些方面具有调节作用     

Modeling response signal and response time data

The diffusion model (Ratcliff, 1978) and the leaky competing accumulator model (LCA, Usher & McClelland, 2001) were tested against two-choice data collected from the same subjects with the standard response time procedure and the response signal procedure. In the response signal procedure, a stimulus is presented and then, at one of a number of experimenter-determined times, a signal to respond is presented. The models were fit to the data from the two procedures simultaneously under the assumption that responses in the response signal procedure were based on a mixture of decision processes that had already terminated at response boundaries before the signal and decision processes that had not yet terminated. In the latter case, decisions were based on partial information in one variant of each model or on guessing in a second variant. Both variants of the diffusion model fit the data well and both fit better than either variant of the LCA model, although the differences in numerical goodness-of-fit measures were not large enough to allow decisive selection between the models.     

Residence time and choice in concurrent foraging schedules

Five pigeons were trained on a concurrent-schedule analogue of the “some patches are empty” procedure. Two concurrently available alternatives were arranged on a single response key and were signaled by red and green keylights. A subject could travel between these alternatives by responding on a second yellow “switching” key. Following a changeover to a patch, there was a probability (p) that a single reinforcer would be available on that alternative for a response after a time determined by the value of λ, a probability of reinforcement per second. The overall scheduling of reinforcers on the two alternatives was arranged nonindependently, and the available alternative was switched after each reinforcer. In Part 1 of the experiment, the probabilities of reinforcement, ρ_red and ρ_green, were equal on the two alternatives, and the arranged arrival rates of reinforcers, λ_red and λ_green, were varied across conditions. In Part 2, the reinforcer arrival times were arranged to be equal, and the reinforcer probabilities were varied across conditions. In Part 3, both parameters were varied. The results replicated those seen in studies that have investigated time allocation in a single patch: Both response and time allocation to an alternative increased with decreasing values of λ and with increasing values of ρ, and residence times were consistently greater than those that would maximize obtained reinforcer rates. Furthermore, both response- and time-allocation ratios undermatched mean reinforcer-arrival time and reinforcer-frequency ratios.