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921.
采用循证医学方法,通过计算机检索Pubmed和CNKI有关肝移植与心理学的文章,对肝移植患者术前和术后心理不同特点进行总结,制定心理干预措施。以便在临床工作中为患者进行合理的心理指导,从而提高肝移植患者健康水平和生活质量。 相似文献
922.
唇腭裂是最常见的口腔颌面部先天性发育畸形。手术修复早已在世界各个国家普遍展开,但患者在形态功能以及心理行为等各方面存在的问题不是单一的学科可以解决的。随着医学模式的转变,以及行为医学和发展心理学等学科的进展,患者在临床治疗工作中的心理和行为问题越来越受到重视。本文将对常见的心理行为问题及其相关对策进行探讨。 相似文献
923.
肿瘤是一种常见的恶性疾病、病死率很高,化疗是主要治疗方法。由于化疗毒副作用较大,会引起肿瘤患者出现生理上和心理上较大的变化,产生烦躁、焦虑、沮丧等心理活动,并有可能引起病情的恶化,因此极有必要对病人进行心理指导。本文从心理方面对化疗患者进行指导探讨,使医务人员在治疗过程中能帮助患者减轻痛苦,体现人道主义精神。 相似文献
924.
董国安 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2008,29(5):13-16
达尔文在《物种起源》中区分了自然选择学说包括的两种不同的原理:适应原理和性状分歧原理。他对类比方法的应用也有两种:一是类比论证,二是发现的启发法。关于适应原理的类比只起到了启发法的作用,达尔文对这种类比的理解是假说一演绎主义的;关于性状分歧原理的类比是一种归纳推理,达尔文对这种类比的理解是归纳主义的。 相似文献
925.
G. Tiberghien 《Psychologie Fran?aise》2008,53(2):135-155
We offer some arguments in support of the idea that the only goal the teaching and research system of the United States can serve is that of the global system to which it belongs, namely, domination. We show how, within the last few decades, French research in psychology - its issues, its institutions, its practices, its ethics - has undergone a process of Americanization that has turned it into a mainstream Western (and basically American) psychology. We point out some research trends that have contested this mainstream psychology, either because it appears too male chauvinist or liberal (opposition psychologies) or because it is grounded in the individualist and liberalist postulates of Western cultures (indigenous psychologies). Unfortunately, because dominant epistemology is governed by a principle of continuity, these contesting trends have not increased our scientific requirements; on the contrary, they have often led to anti-scientific approaches. It is still the task of psychology to break away from kwoledges and values of common sense. 相似文献
926.
文章对我国民族心理学研究面临的困境进行了阐述,指出要成功走出目前的困境,在今后的研究中应融合多元方法,加强民族心理学研究中质与量的整合;加强民族心理学的理论建设;促进相邻学科的对话与合作,注重对综合性民族心理研究人才的培养;同时还要立足于我国民族的实际情况,加强对现实问题的研究,增强民族心理学研究的价值。 相似文献
927.
Psychoendocrine and physical performance responses in male Tunisian rugby players during an international competitive season 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim was to investigate a follow-up study based on hormonal, physical, and psychological parameters among rugby players who trained during a whole season interspersed with competitions on an international level. Fitness or reciprocally tiredness as well as competitive anxiety were evaluated, respectively, using the French Society for Sports Medicine (SFMS) and the sport competition anxiety test (SCAT) questionnaires. In this study, SFMS and SCAT scores increased respectively over the competitive season. The SFMS score revealed a state of relative tiredness at the end of the season, highlighted by a slight decrement in physical performances. The SCAT score changes are related to the competition context and therefore increased accordingly to the importance of the competition stake. We analyzed the corticotrope and the gonadotrope axis before (T(1)), and at the end of the national and international rugby season (T(2)). Training did not affect the resting salivary cortisol (Csal) levels, but induced a decrease in resting testosterone (Tsal) values, resulting in a dropped T/C ratio. Competition, in both periods (T(1)-T(2)), provoked a significant increase in Csal levels, but the Tsal responses depended on the match stake. Their concentrations increased when the competition generated an important stress and decreased when the psychological conditions remained relatively stable. SFMS is preferentially correlated with resting Csal levels and T/C values measured at 08:00 hr but not with Tsal. SCAT is highly correlated with competitive Csal and Tsal concentrations measured before and after the matches. 相似文献
928.
More Than Weighting Cognitive Importance: A Dual-Process Model of Issue Framing Effects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rune Slothuus 《Political psychology》2008,29(1):1-28
Issue frames in policy discourse and news reporting regularly influence citizens' political opinions. Yet, we only have a limited understanding of how and among whom these framing effects occur. I propose a dual-process model of issue framing effects arguing that we must understand mediators of framing (the how question) in connection with individual-level moderators of framing (the whom question). Experimental results show that issue framing affects opinion through different psychological processes depending on who the receiver of the frame is. Among the moderately politically aware or those having weak political values, framing effects were mediated through processes of changing importance of considerations as well as changing content of considerations. Among the highly aware, only the importance change process mediated framing effects, while there were no framing effects among those least aware or those having strong values. 相似文献
929.
The authors challenge the legitimacy of making commissioning decisions based solely upon the current outcome research for the psychological treatments. They argue that this outcome data does not represent the treatment needs of the patient who fails to complete a therapy. They call for a shift in the focus of research in order to right this oversight. 相似文献
930.