工作团队领导心理资本对成员组织公民行为的影响机制：多层次模型

本研究采用问卷调查法, 以某国有企业在10个地市的66个工作团队369名企业员工为调查对象, 在控制被试的教育程度、工作经验及人口统计学变量之后, 运用多层线性模型技术分析团队领导心理资本与团队成员心理资本及其组织公民行为的关系。结果发现：(1)工作团队领导心理资本对团队成员组织公民行为存在积极影响, 团队成员心理资本是领导心理资本与团队成员组织公民行为之间跨层次的中介变量; (2)工作团队领导心理资本对团队成员心理资本与组织公民行为关系的调节效应不显著。     

心理资本对大学生就业能力的影响

通过对251名大学生的问卷调查,探讨了心理资本对大学生就业能力的影响.研究表明,年级、家庭所在地以及家庭所在地与是否为独生子女的交互作用对心理资本有显著影响;年级与是否为独生子女的交互作用影响大学生就业能力.另外,心理资本中的自我效能感、韧性和乐观三个维度对就业能力有积极影响.研究认为,大学生本人和高校可采取多种措施,通过培养和提升心理资本来提高大学生就业能力.     

传统测谎技术研究现状与趋势

该文在国内外研究文献的基础上,简要介绍了传统测谎技术的原理与方法,并从心理测量的角度,对传统测谎技术的研究现状与问题进行了回顾与探讨,认为传统测谎技术中有待深入研究解决的主要问题包括：（1）模拟研究的代表性与现场研究的准确性,（2）测谎检测非标准化产生的高“虚报”率,（3）测谎检测信、效度的衡量标准,信、效度的提高,（4）有效的防止反测谎。据此,该文探讨了今后传统测谎技术可能的研究趋势。     

王充的教育心理思想研究

该文系统研究了王充的教育心理思想,内容包括基本观点、学习心理思想、德育心理思想、差异与教师心理思想等。     

幸福是什么

幸福概念深刻而复杂,我们可以在且个层次上把握幸福概念。首先,幸福是人生重大的快乐;进一步说,是人生重大需要和欲望得到满足的心理体验,是人生重大目的得到实现的心理体验;最终是达到生存和发展的某种完满的心理体验。     

汉语阅读中的心理词加工

通过两项研究考察了汉语阅读中心理词存在的心理现实性及其加工效率问题。研究1采用词切分任务考察语法知识掌握水平不同的读者词切分的差异,发现他们在词切分上存在很大分歧,语法知识越丰富,词切分差异越小。研究2探讨心理词的加工效率,使用阴影标记目标词,产生四种呈现条件：正常条件、词汇词条件、心理词条件和非词条件,结果发现心理词比词汇词、非词更容易加工。两项研究结果表明汉语阅读的基本信息单元更可能是心理词。     

Childhood Abuse Types and Physical Health at the Age of 24: Testing Health Risk Behaviors and Psychological Distress as Mediators

This study examines whether adult psychological distress and health risk behaviors mediate the relationship between childhood abuse and physical health in adulthood. A randomly selected population-based sample, with oversampling to include a one-third subgroup of former child protection cases, completed a structured interview. Questions pertained to childhood exposure to abuse, adult psychological distress, physical health, and health risk behaviors. Previous research using this sample had identified three abuse typologies: emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and polyvictimization (physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect). All three typologies were significantly associated with poorer self-reported physical health. Psychological distress and health risk behaviors partially mediated the relationship between nonabuse, sexual abuse, polyvictimization, and physical health, and fully mediated the relationship between emotional abuse and physical health. The results of this study indicate that health risk behaviors and symptoms of psychological distress could contribute to some of the long-lasting consequences of childhood abuse on adult physical health.     

Applying multiple models to predict clinicians’ behavioural intention and objective behaviour when managing children's teeth

This study used multiple theoretical approaches simultaneously to predict an objectively measured clinical behaviour. The six theoretical approaches were: The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), Common Sense Self-Regulation Model (CS-SRM), Operant Learning Theory (OLT), Action Planning (AP) and the Precaution Adoption Process (PAP), with knowledge as an additional predictor. Data on variables from these models were collected by postal survey. Data on the outcome behaviour, the evidence-based practice of placing fissure sealants, was collected from clinical records. Participants were 133 dentists (64% male) in Scotland. Variables found to predict the behaviour were: intention, attitude, perceived behavioural control, risk perception, outcome expectancies, self efficacy, habit, anticipated consequences, experienced consequences and action planning. The TPB, SCT, AP, OLT and PAP significantly predicted behaviour but the CS-SRM did not. A combined (Stepwise) regression model included only intention and action planning. Post hoc analyses showed action planning mediated effect of intention on behaviour. Taking a theory-based approach creates a replicable methodology for identifying factors predictive of clinical behaviour and for the design and choice of interventions to modify practice as new evidence emerges, increasing current options for improving health outcomes through influencing the implementation of best practice.     

班级结构对留守儿童心理健康的影响:同化还是对比效应?

基于河南和陕西两省17所农村学校4~9年级103个班级内4021名学生的调查数据,分析了班级结构(一般农村儿童在班级中所占比例)对不同家庭背景儿童心理健康的影响机制.采用学校固定效应模型控制校际间差异后发现:(1)对于自尊和未来压力感知,班级结构存在对比效应,即班级内一般农村儿童比例越高,留守儿童的自尊水平越低,特殊结构家庭的儿童会感知到的未来压力更大,但对一般农村家庭儿童的影响不显著;(2)对于抑郁症状,班级结构则存在同化效应,即所在班级内其他学生的平均抑郁水平对个体自身的抑郁症状有显著的预测作用.     

Lifetime Abuse and Mental Health Among Older Persons: A European Study

This study aimed to investigate the association of lifetime abuse and mental health among older persons, considering associated factors (e.g., demographics) through a cross-sectional design. We recruited 4,467 women and men ages 60–84 years from 7 European cities. Mental health was measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial, and physical injuries) based on the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale and the UK survey of abuse/neglect of older people. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that country of residence, low educational level, and experienced financial strain increased the odds of probable cases of anxiety and depression. Female sex, white-collar profession, and financial support by social/other benefits/or partner income were associated with higher odds of anxiety, while older age and experience of lifetime injury were associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms. The findings of this study indicate that socioeconomic factors, as well as experienced lifetime severe physical abuse leading to injuries, are significant in perceived mental health of adults in later life.