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101.
《Behavior Therapy》2023,54(2):290-302
Theoretical models of social anxiety suggest that distorted interpretation processes contribute to its development and maintenance, although the pathways through which this occurs are not well understood. Therefore, the present longitudinal study sought to determine whether negative interpretation bias, positive interpretation bias, and interpretation inflexibility (the degree to which participants correctly revise initial interpretations) predict changes in social anxiety over time. In an important advance over prior studies, individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC) were accounted for, as WMC is thought to play a crucial role in the generation and maintenance of interpretation biases. Following a baseline assessment of social anxiety, interpretation biases, and WMC, participants completed follow-up assessments of social anxiety both 2 weeks (n = 106) and 4 weeks (n = 96) later. After controlling for baseline social anxiety and WMC, greater positive interpretation bias was found to predict lower social anxiety at both follow-ups. Neither negative interpretation bias nor interpretation inflexibility was significantly associated with follow-up social anxiety. These results provide support for greater positive interpretation bias as a facilitator of decreases in social anxiety and a potential target for clinical intervention. 相似文献
102.
103.
Attachment Relationships as Predictors of Cognitive Interpretation and Response Bias in Late Adolescence 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
We investigated behavioural and cognitive representations of attachment style. Specifically, we sought to test continuity in attachment style and whether participants' perceptions of their attachments to parents, peers, and romantic partners would predict cognitive interpretation and responses to 12 ambiguous situation scenarios. Participants were 161 undergraduate students (17–20 years) who completed the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Attachment Style Questionnaire and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (peer subscale). Participants then indicated whether they interpreted ambiguous situations as threatening versus non-threatening and how they would respond (proactively, aggressively, or avoidantly). Regression analyses revealed that insecure parental attachments were the main predictor of participants' interpretations and their planned responses, followed by romantic attachments. Peer attachments played little role in the predictions. These results suggest that interpretation of situations and subsequent plans of action may be influenced by attachment related experiences. We discuss our findings in terms of their relevance to attachment theory and their application to our understanding of the concepts of attachment in development of interpersonal relationships. 相似文献
104.
Henri Wijsbek 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2001,4(1):59-74
How should a practice, subservient to a public good, be regulated in order to guarantee fair access without encouraging improper claims? In the first place, a clear understanding of the goal of the practice is indispensable for knowing what criteria the regulation must contain. As to the purely formal aspect, the regulation of any practice must include both general rules and particular instances. Finally, to resolve conflicts, committees in which different kinds of expertise are represented should be installed. These three theses are illustrated by the Dutch regulation for cosmetic surgery. 相似文献
105.
In this paper we study in details a system of two weakly coupled harmonic oscillators from the point of view of Bohm’s interpretation
of quantum mechanics. This system may be viewed as a simple model for the interaction between a photon and a photodetector.
We obtain exact solutions for the general case. We then compute approximate solutions for the case where one oscillator is
initially in its first excited state (a single photon) reaching the other oscillator in its ground state (the photodetector).
The approximate solutions represent the state of both oscillators after the interaction, which is not an eigenstate of the
individual hamiltonians for each oscillator, and therefore the energies for each oscillator do not exist in the Copenhagen
interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. We use the approximate solutions that we obtained to compute Bohmian trajectories and
to study the energy transfer between the oscillators. We conclude that, even using the Bohmian view, the energy of each individual
oscillator is not well defined, as the nonlocal quantum potential is not negligible even after the coupling is turned off. 相似文献
106.
M. Albert 《Synthese》2007,156(3):587-603
Probability theory is important because of its relevance for decision making, which also means: its relevance for the single
case. The propensity theory of objective probability, which addresses the single case, is subject to two problems: Humphreys’
problem of inverse probabilities and the problem of the reference class. The paper solves both problems by restating the propensity
theory using (an objectivist version of) Pearl’s approach to causality and probability, and by applying a decision-theoretic
perspective. Contrary to a widely held view, decision making on the basis of given propensities can proceed without a subjective-probability
supplement to propensities. 相似文献
107.
PATRICIA COTTI 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2007,88(1):167-182
The interpretation of dreams was the fi rst text in which Freud referred to the system of two drives (drive of self‐preservation and the sexual drive). In order to understand how this question was at work in Freud's mind, one has to go back to 1898, when Freud began to write the third chapter of The interpretation of dreams. One can then see, in contrast with Sulloway's assertions, how Freud was inspired by Schiller, whose shadow haunted his dreams between April and December 1898. The analysis of these dreams emphasizes how the references to Schiller's works and to the drive of self‐preservation cover sexual impulses, in particular, those connected with the relationship to the father. The food drive or drive of self‐preservation also enabled Freud to construct a heroic romance. He was thereby able to bury an internal criticism which was at odds with his persistence in describing the father as a seducer, and to conceal scenes in which he was defeated and sexually subdued by another boy. 相似文献
108.
In the cognitive test interpretation literature, a Rational/Intuitive, Indirect Empirical, or Combined approach is typically used to construct conceptual taxonomies of the functional (behavioral) similarities between subtests. To address shortcomings of these approaches, the functional requirements for 49 subtests from six individually administered scales of cognitive ability (WISC-IV, WPPSI-III, SB-V, WJ-III, CAS, and UNIT) were typed on index cards. Forty-eight (48) in-service and/or pre-service school psychologists were asked to sort the cards into two, three, five, or eight functionally similar piles. A multidimensional scaling analysis was performed on a 49 × 49 matrix of similarity scores collapsed across all 48 subjects. Three dimensions were extracted from the data: Reproduction of Stimuli Sequences versus Picture Viewing (Dimension 1), Timed Speed versus Untimed Power (Dimension 2), and Verbal versus Performance (Dimension 3). A hierarchical clustering procedure was then applied to the matrix data, and results were compared to previous categorization schemes identified in the test interpretation literature. 相似文献
109.
110.
Richard Mizen 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2014,59(3):314-332
Problems in the establishment of the sense of a ‘psychic’ skin, in the ways described by Bick and Meltzer for example, commonly give rise to distortions in the capacity for self‐experiences as a consequence of difficulties in relation to projective and identificatory processes. These latter may acquire a markedly adhesive character as a defence against the anxieties that arise. This makes for considerable technical difficulties in an analysis. This essay addresses the nature of these problems and considers some of the ways in which they may be approached clinically. 相似文献