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151.
The static dielectric constants of binary mixtures of N-methylformamide (NMF), used as a solute with the solvents water (W), ethyl alcohol (EA), ethylene glycol (EG), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), acetone (Ac) and 1,4-dioxane (Dx), have been measured over the entire concentration range at 30°C. The negative values of excess dielectric constant and less-than-unity values of the corrective Kirkwood correlation factor of these binary mixtures are used to analyse the formation of H-bond complexes and molar ratio of the stable adduct. In these systems, the unassociated mixture constituents, DMSO, Ac and Dx, act as structure-breakers for self-associated linear structures of NMF, whereas, both the self-associated mixture constituents (W, EA and EG mixtures with NMF) act as structure-breakers to each other during the complexations. It is found that the large variations in the strength of H-bond complexation and the effective number of parallel aligned dipoles in the mixtures are governed by the dielectric constant of the solvents. 相似文献
152.
《Child & family behavior therapy》2013,35(3):27-36
In this study, the relationship between a self-report measure of assertive behavior in children, the Children's Assertiveness Inventory, and a role-play measure of assertive behavior, the Revised Behavioral Assertiveness Test for Children, was examined in 69 elementary school children. Measures of assertive responding to positive (initiating interactions/giving and receiving compliments) and negative (standing up for one's own rights/refusing unreasonable requests) situations were obtained for both self-report and role-play measures. Results suggest that self-report of positive assertion is more closely related to role-play measures and expert ratings of assertiveness than is self-report of negative assertion. Results are discussed in terms of relationship between assertive behavior and aggressive behavior in children and the need to "unbind" these two notions in future studies. Developmental issues which limit the finings are also addressed. 相似文献
153.
The effect of a fixed-time (FT) schedule involving the delivery of preferred stimuli prior to the issuance of a low-probability instruction was evaluated with 2 young children with autism. The FT schedule was introduced according to a reversal design with 3 target instructions, 1 for the first child and 2 for the second child. Compliance increased for 2 of the 3 cases. A high-probability instruction sequence and guided compliance were implemented for the second instruction targeted for 1 child, with compliance increasing with guided compliance. 相似文献
154.
"先天八卦"中具有数理内涵,同样,"后天八卦"中亦具有数理内涵。前者呈二进制形态,后者则为三进制形态。《系辞》曰:"太极生两仪,两仪生四象,四象生八卦。"其实,四象生八卦有两种不同的逻辑法则,这两种不同的逻辑法则导致二进制八卦与三进制八卦。而且"后天八卦"与五行具有内在的关联,因此,"后天八卦"中的数理内涵比"先天八卦"中的数理内涵更显丰富。 相似文献
155.
采用序列学习研究范式,考察小三到大三学生内隐序列学习的发展规律及制约因素。结果表明:(1)各年龄组被试均能在序列学习中获得序列规则;(2)不同年龄组被试序列反应时存在显著差异,说明内隐序列学习从小三到大三之间一直存在发展变化;(3)被试在高统计结构下的反应时要低于低统计结构下的,且这种差异不存在发展变化,说明高统计结构下的内隐学习成绩要好于低统计结构下的;(4)外显被试的量随年龄增长而增加,说明对序列学习的有意识加工能力随年龄增长而提高。 相似文献
156.
The present study aimed to investigate whether an interference task might impact the sleep-dependent consolidation process of a mentally learned sequence of movements. Thirty-two participants were subjected to a first training session through motor imagery (MI) or physical practice (PP) of a finger sequence learning task. After 2 h, half of the participants were requested to perform a second interfering PP task (reversed finger sequence). All participants were finally re-tested following a night of sleep on the first finger sequence. The main findings revealed delayed performance gains following a night of sleep in the MI group, i.e. the interfering task did not alter the consolidation process, by contrast to the PP group. These results confirm that MI practice might result in less retroactive interference than PP, and further highlight the relevance of the first night of sleep for the consolidation process following MI practice. These data might thus contribute to determine in greater details the practical implications of mental training in motor learning and rehabilitation. 相似文献
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We report three studies demonstrating the ‘lure of choice’ people prefer options that allow them to take further choices over those that do not, even when the extra choices cannot improve the ultimate outcome. In Studies 1 and 2, participants chose between two options: one solitary item, and a pair of items between which they would then make a further choice. Consistent with the lure of choice, a given item was more likely to be the ultimate choice when it was initially part of a choice pair than when it was offered on its own. We also demonstrate the lure of choice in a four‐door version of the Monty Hall problem, in which participants could either stick with their original choice or switch to one of two unopened doors. Participants were more likely to switch if they could first ‘choose to choose’ between the two unopened doors (without immediately specifying which) than if they had to choose one door straightaway. We conclude by suggesting that the lure of choice is due to a choice heuristic that is very reliable in the natural world, but much less so in a world created by marketers. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献