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81.
Divergent thinking (DT) tests are among the most popular techniques for measuring creativity. However, the validity evidence for DT tests, as applied in educational settings, is inconsistent partly due to different scoring methods. This study explored the reliability and validity issues of various techniques for administering and scoring two DT tests. Results show distinct differences among several methods for scoring these DT tests and suggest that the percentage scoring method (i.e., dividing originality scores by fluency scores) may be the most appropriate scoring strategy. The potential impact on educational research and practice is discussed in detail. 相似文献
82.
Alison Clark 《American journal of community psychology》2010,46(1-2):115-123
How can the perspectives, insights and interests of young children, under 6 years‐old, be given status in processes of change? This paper will examine the contribution participatory and visual methods can make to enabling young children to document their experiences and to facilitate exchange with adults. Examples will be drawn from three research studies in educational settings which have developed a specific research method, the Mosaic approach (Clark and Moss 2001 ; Clark 2004 ; Clark 2005 ) which brings together visual and verbal research tools. This paper will discuss how researching with young children rather than on young children can redraw the boundaries between adults’ and children's roles in the research process including the relationship with the research audience. 相似文献
83.
84.
缺失值是社会科学研究中非常普遍的现象。全息极大似然估计和多重插补是目前处理缺失值最有效的方法。计划缺失设计利用特殊的实验设计有意产生缺失值, 再用现代的缺失值处理方法来完成统计分析, 获得无偏的统计结果。计划缺失设计可用于横断面调查减少(或增加)问卷长度和纵向调查减少测量次数, 也可用于提高测量有效性。常用的计划缺失设计有三式设计和两种方法测量。 相似文献
85.
Gregor Betz 《Synthese》2008,163(1):25-44
This paper shows how complex argumentation, analyzed as dialectical structures, can be evaluated within a Bayesian framework
by interpreting them as coherence constraints on subjective degrees of belief. A dialectical structure is a set of arguments
(premiss-conclusion structure) among which support- and attack-relations hold. This approach addresses the observation that
some theses in a debate can be better justified than others and thus fixes a shortcoming of a theory of defeasible reasoning
which applies the bivalence principle to argument evaluations by assigning them the status of being either defeated or undefeated.
Evaluation procedures which are based on the principle of bivalence can, however, be embedded as a special case within the
Bayesian framework. The approach developed in this paper rests on the assumptions that arguments can be reconstructed as deductively
valid and that complex argumentation can be reconstructed such that premisses of arguments with equivalent conclusions are
pairwise independent. 相似文献
86.
Eveline T. Feteris 《Argumentation》2008,22(3):335-353
The author gives an analysis of the strategic manoeuvring in the justification of legal decisions from a pragma-dialectical
perspective by showing how a judge tries to reconcile dialectical and rhetorical aims. On the basis of an analysis and evaluation
of the argumentation given by the US Supreme Court in the famous Holy Trinity case, it is shown how in a case in which the
judge wants to make an exception to a legal rule for the concrete case tries to meet the dialectical reasonableness norm by
seeing to it that his standpoint is sufficiently defended according to the requirements of the burden of proof of a judge
in a rational critical discussion and how he tries at the same time to be rhetorically convincing for the legal audience by
presenting the decision as a choice that is in line with the argumentation schemes and starting points that can be considered
as accepted by the legal community in the US and by the US community as a whole.
相似文献
Eveline T. FeterisEmail: |
87.
88.
Hilbert's ε-calculus is based on an extension of the language of predicate logic by a term-forming operator e x . Two fundamental results about the ε-calculus, the first and second epsilon theorem, play a rôle similar to that which the cut-elimination theorem plays in sequent calculus. In particular, Herbrand's Theorem is a consequence of the epsilon theorems. The paper investigates the epsilon theorems and the complexity of the elimination procedure underlying their proof, as well as the length of Herbrand disjunctions of existential theorems obtained by this elimination procedure. 相似文献
89.
Qualitative research is experiencing a resurgence within the field of psychology. This study aimed to explore the range of attitudes towards qualitative research in psychology held by students and academics, using the model of attitudes by Eagly and Chaiken as a framework. Twenty‐one psychology students and academics were interviewed about their attitudes towards qualitative research. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. While qualitative research was described as inherent to the psychology profession and useful for generating rich data, some participants felt that this approach was not well respected or considered as legitimate as quantitative methods. Reflecting common misperceptions about qualitative research, participants also expressed concerns that qualitative research was too subjective and had limited generalisability. Furthermore, some participants felt that they lacked the skills and confidence necessary to conduct qualitative research. Large investments in time and resources were identified as barriers to undertaking qualitative research. Identifying attitudes towards qualitative research provides a basis for future work in dispelling myths, promoting attitudinal change and increasing both the use and teaching of qualitative approaches in psychology. 相似文献
90.
John B. Nezlek 《欧洲人格杂志》2007,21(6):789-810
A conceptual and analytic framework for understanding relationships among traits, states, situations, and behaviours is presented. The framework assumes that such relationships can be understood in terms of four questions. (1) What are the relationships between trait and state level constructs, which include psychological states, the situations people experience and behaviour? (2) What are the relationships between psychological states, between states and situations and between states and behaviours? (3) How do such state level relationships vary as a function of trait level individual differences? (4) How do the relationships that are the focus of questions 1, 2, and 3 change across time? This article describes how to use multilevel random coefficient modelling (MRCM) to examine such relationships. The framework can accommodate different definitions of traits and dispositions (Allportian, processing styles, profiles, etc.) and different ways of conceptualising relationships between states and traits (aggregationist, interactionist, etc.). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献