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71.
投射性认同发端自Freud的投射概念, 后由Klein正式提出, 经过Bion, Resenfeld, Grotstein等人的发展, 已经成为精神分析的核心概念之一。其内涵演变经历了从单向投射到双向互动, 从内心幻想到现实交流, 从母婴关系到咨访关系的三次重要转向。投射性认同较投射而言是一种更成熟复杂的防御机制, 与移情的差异则体现在起因、内容和结果等方面。近年来, 神经精神分析的兴起与镜像神经元的发现为理解投射性认同的发生机制提供了神经生物学的基础。 相似文献
72.
73.
Robert I. Jennrich 《Psychometrika》2006,71(1):173-191
Component loss functions (CLFs) similar to those used in orthogonal rotation are introduced to define criteria for oblique
rotation in factor analysis. It is shown how the shape of the CLF affects the performance of the criterion it defines. For
example, it is shown that monotone concave CLFs give criteria that are minimized by loadings with perfect simple structure
when such loadings exist. Moreover, if the CLFs are strictly concave, minimizing must produce perfect simple structure whenever
it exists. Examples show that methods defined by concave CLFs perform well much more generally. While it appears important
to use a concave CLF, the specific CLF used is less important. For example, the very simple linear CLF gives a rotation method
that can easily outperform the most popular oblique rotation methods promax and quartimin and is competitive with the more
complex simplimax and geomin methods.
The author would like to thank the editor and three reviewers for helpful suggestions and for identifying numerous errors. 相似文献
74.
Russell W. ClementJoachim Krueger 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2002,38(3):219-231
When categorized into social groups, people view members of in-groups, but not members of out-groups, as being similar to themselves. In three experiments, social categorization moderated the spread of social projection in both minimal and value-tagged laboratory groups and regardless of whether individual perceivers judged both groups or only one. The categorization effect tracked changes in the perceiver's group status so that most perceivers projected only to present but not past in-groups. The lack of out-group projection supported an anchoring hypothesis, according to which self-referent information is engaged only when it is considered applicable to the judgment at hand. The induction hypothesis and the differentiation hypothesis, which predicted positive and negative out-group projection, respectively, were not supported. Implications for theories of intergroup perception and bias are discussed. 相似文献
75.
A comprehensive approach for imposing both row and column constraints on multivariate discrete data is proposed that may be called generalized constrained multiple correspondence analysis (GCMCA). In this method each set of discrete data is first decomposed into several submatrices according to its row and column constraints, and then multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) is applied to the decomposed submatrices to explore relationships among them. This method subsumes existing constrained and unconstrained MCA methods as special cases and also generalizes various kinds of linearly constrained correspondence analysis methods. An example is given to illustrate the proposed method.Heungsun Hwang is now at Claes Fornell International Group. The work reported in this paper was supported by Grant A6394 from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to the second author. 相似文献
76.
Yang Liu 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2021,74(1):139-163
In exploratory factor analysis, latent factors and factor loadings are seldom interpretable until analytic rotation is performed. Typically, the rotation problem is solved by numerically searching for an element in the manifold of orthogonal or oblique rotation matrices such that the rotated factor loadings minimize a pre-specified complexity function. The widely used gradient projection (GP) algorithm, although simple to program and able to deal with both orthogonal and oblique rotation, is found to suffer from slow convergence when the number of manifest variables and/or the number of latent factors is large. The present work examines the effectiveness of two Riemannian second-order algorithms, which respectively generalize the well-established truncated Newton and trust-region strategies for unconstrained optimization in Euclidean spaces, in solving the rotation problem. When approaching a local minimum, the second-order algorithms usually converge superlinearly or even quadratically, better than first-order algorithms that only converge linearly. It is further observed in Monte Carlo studies that, compared to the GP algorithm, the Riemannian truncated Newton and trust-region algorithms require not only much fewer iterations but also much less processing time to meet the same convergence criterion, especially in the case of oblique rotation. 相似文献
77.
Two studies document that people are more willing to express emotions that reveal vulnerabilities to partners when they perceive those partners to be more communally responsive to them. In Study 1, participants rated the communal strength they thought various partners felt toward them and their own willingness to express happiness, sadness and anxiety to each partner. Individuals who generally perceive high communal strength from their partners were also generally most willing to express emotion to partners. Independently, participants were more willing to express emotion to particular partners whom they perceived felt more communal strength toward them. In Study 2, members of romantic couples independently reported their own felt communal strength toward one another, perceptions of their partners’ felt communal strength toward them, and willingness to express emotions (happiness, sadness, anxiety, disgust, anger, hurt and guilt) to each other. The communal strength partners reported feeling toward the participants predicted the participants’ willingness to express emotion to those partners. This link was mediated by participants’ perceptions of the partner’s communal strength toward them which, itself, was a joint function of accurate perceptions of the communal strength partners had reported feeling toward them and projections of their own felt communal strength for their partners onto those partners. 相似文献
78.
Phillip Klever 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2009,31(2):140-159
The triangle, a concept in Bowen theory, is the emotional molecule in the family system that shapes the human over the course
of life. This longitudinal study explored the influence of the family of origin primary triangle on 51 couples’ family of
procreation functioning over 10 years. The quantitative analysis found associations between family of procreation functioning
and three variables: distance versus openness in the family of origin primary triangle, the degree of inside and outside positions
in the primary triangle, and the degree of family projection as expressed in worry. In addition, the three triangle relationships
correlated with each other, supporting the idea that each relationship influenced the other. Using qualitative methods, a
focused analysis elaborated on the quantitative findings. 相似文献
79.
罗夏墨迹测验在西方的发展历史与研究现状 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
历史上罗夏墨迹测验(RIM)一直被视为投射测验而用精神分析的理论解释它,使其偏离了客观化的发展方向。综合罗夏系统则又回归到了实证的研究道路。综合系统仍视之为一个不完全结构化的、间接的测量方法,因此在人格研究中有独特的作用。关于RIM虽然仍有争议,但其科学研究价值已基本得到公认,目前要做的工作是发展它和完善它 相似文献
80.
Raymond S. Nickerson 《Current directions in psychological science》2001,10(5):168-172
For many purposes, people need a reasonably good idea of what other people know. This article presents an argument and considers evidence that people use their own knowledge as a basis for developing models of what specific other people know in particular, that they tend to assume that other people know what they know. This is a generally useful heuristic, but the assumption is often made uncritically, with the consequence that people end up assuming that others have knowledge that they do not have. 相似文献