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421.
Jing-Bao Nie Malcolm de Roubaix Ciara Staunton Anton van Niekerk Joseph D. Tucker 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2016,16(10):3-11
Military metaphors are pervasive in biomedicine, including HIV research. Rooted in the mind set that regards pathogens as enemies to be defeated, terms such as “shock and kill” have become widely accepted idioms within HIV cure research. Such language and symbolism must be critically examined as they may be especially problematic when used to express scientific ideas within emerging health-related fields. In this article, philosophical analysis and an interdisciplinary literature review utilizing key texts from sociology, anthropology, history, and Chinese and African studies were conducted to investigate the current proliferation of military metaphors. We found the use of these metaphors to be ironic, unfortunate, and unnecessary. To overcome military metaphors we propose to (1) give them less aggressive meanings, and/or (2) replace them with more peaceful metaphors. Building on previous authors' work, we argue for the increased use of “journey” (and related) metaphors as meaningful, cross-culturally appropriate alternatives to military metaphors. 相似文献
422.
H. P. P. Hennie Lötter 《Journal of Global Ethics》2016,12(1):87-105
All current versions of ethics for human interaction with animals are based on theories originally developed for relationships between humans or for human understanding of the environment. The perceived analogies between relationships among humans those theories were designed for and the relationships between human and animals have led to specifically revised and adapted theories for ethical interaction between humans and animals. In this essay I propose two further analogies that I develop into one core argument to cover specific issues in human–animal relationships not yet adequately addressed. First I adapt the ethical theory designed for use between human professionals and their clients for analogous use in the power relationship between humans and animals; second I similarly adapt the ethical theory designed for interactions between humans and the global environment. I use elephants as example of an animal species and they stand as proxy for all similar animal species. The overall argument justifies moral duties for humanity to protect both species and the global biosphere as home for all living organisms. 相似文献
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为了考察情绪对于职业价值观的影响,本研究采用情绪量表、意义建构量表、职业价值观量表以及社交媒体依赖程度量表等,对938名员工数据进行检验,结果表明:(1)情绪对于职业价值观具有显著的正向影响;(2)意义建构在情绪与职业价值观之间起完全中介作用;(3)社交媒体依赖程度负向调节了情感与意义建构之间的关系。情绪通过意义建构的中介作用对职业价值观产生影响,并且社交依赖在路径的前半段起调节作用。探究情绪与职业价值观关系,对于科学树立合理的职业价值观具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Stephanie J. Bird PhD 《Science and engineering ethics》1998,4(3):315-320
In discussions of professional standards and ethical values it is reasonable to consider who will develop the codes of conduct
and guidelines for behavior that will reflect the standards and values of the community. Also worthy of consideration is whether
the standards or guidelines are enforceable, and how and to what extent they will be enforced. The development of guidelines
or professional codes of conduct is a responsibility that has been adopted by many professional societies. Useful to this
discussion is an examination of the rationale behind the development of ethical codes by professional societies. The Ethics
in Science Committee of the Council of Scientific Society Presidents (CSSP) has examined the codes of some of its member societies
and some observations regarding them are pertinent. The nature and uses of ethical statements, codes and guidelines developed
by professional societies are multiple and diverse. Their enforcement raises both practical and ethical concerns.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Engineering Foundation Conference on “Ethics for Science and Engineering
Based International Industries”, Durham, NC, USA, 14–17 September 1997. 相似文献
429.
The ethical codes of the professional engineering bodies identify the responsibilities of the engineer. Of equal importance
to the codes are the virtues which enable the engineer to fulfil these responsibilities. After briefly reviewing such virtues
this paper argues that the systematic learning of virtues is possible in a formal way through learner centred learning. Central
to this learning experience is the development of integrity which focuses the other major virtues and enables reflection upon
them. A review of undergraduate courses suggests how this can be achieved.
Rev’d. Dr. Simon Robinson is a lecturer in the Centre for Business and Professional Ethics at the University of Leeds. 相似文献
430.
John E. Carr 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1999,6(2):161-169
Job opportunities for psychology for the next decade are being influenced by ongoing shifts in our economic system and resultant general employment practices. As with many burgeoning fields, psychology is experiencing increasing diversification into subspecialities. Professionals in other fields are acquiring supplementary degrees in psychology to heighten their psychological knowledge and professional/organization skills. Thus, psychology is beginning to be viewed, like the MBA, as an important professional degree for many fields, not just mental health or teaching. Training programs are reflecting these diversification trends. Further, as professional applications at the doctoral level expand, there is increasing need for the master's-level technical competence to support the increasing specialities at the doctoral level. These changes represent the creative response of a young and vigorous profession to the challenges of changing market dynamics. 相似文献