From bench to bedside: Methods that help clinicians use evidence‐based practice

Despite the increasing number of evidence‐based practices and the significant use of public resources towards these, clinicians and practitioners do not consistently use evidence available to them. This paper examines methods that help clinicians and practitioners adopt evidence‐based practices. A review was done of 69 systematic reviews, meta‐analyses and literature reviews. Several methods can change the knowledge and skill base of professionals, and, to a lesser extent, patient health outcomes; namely, educational interventions; electronic methods; credible and skilled leadership; feedback; discussion; financial incentives; guidelines; portfolios; simulations; and visits from trained individuals. While robust evidence is lacking, effective interventions are likely to be multimodal; address the needs of the target group; be well‐planned; be intensive; encourage active participation; be relevant to the clinical context; and provide opportunities for ongoing professional development. The dissemination of evidence to clinicians and practitioners requires well‐considered multimodal interventions that are inclusive, comprehensive and ongoing.     

The Australian Psychology Workforce 2: A national profile of psychologists' education,training, specialist qualifications and continuous professional development

Objective data on the training profiles of Australian psychologists is scarce, despite important reforms across the higher education sector. This study aimed to profile Australian psychological training leading to registration. Universities, Registration Boards and registrants were profiled during 2008. Results revealed that there were 1063 postgraduate places a year across 34 university postgraduate training programs, with two thirds of places in clinical psychology. However, half of psychologists do not undertake postgraduate training, but undertake four years of university psychology followed by a 2 year internship (4+2) to make up the minimum standard for registration of 6 years training. Those with over 6 years of university training tended to work more in clinical, university or specialised areas of practice, whereas those with 4+2 were more likely to work in schools and general counselling. One quarter of psychologists are College members and 13% have doctoral qualifications. Analysis revealed a workforce that is actively engaged in ongoing professional development, supervision and further training. The profession has grown steadily in size by 6.24% per annum over the past 8 years and this presents a challenge for increasing the supply of postgraduate training places.     

Interesting times: practice, science, and professional associations in behavior analysis

Neither practitioners nor scientists appear to be fully satisfied with the world's largest behavior-analytic membership organization. Each community appears to believe that initiatives that serve the other will undermine the association's capacity to serve their own needs. Historical examples suggest that such discord is predicted when practitioners and scientists cohabit the same association. This is true because all professional associations exist to address guild interests, and practice and science are different professions with different guild interests. No association, therefore, can succeed in being all things to all people. The solution is to assure that practice and science communities are well served by separate professional associations. I comment briefly on how this outcome might be promoted.     

Implications of the National Agenda to Improve Results for Children and Youth with or at Risk of Serious Emotional Disturbance

Abstract

Fragmented, agency-centered services contribute to poor educational and social outcomes. The National Agenda to Improve Results for Children and Youth with Serious Emotional Disturbance targets approaches that are knowledge-based and have a high likelihood of improving outcomes. This article explores the implications of the Agenda's seven targets andthe importance of early identification and prevention.     

Competency‐based Models of Supervision: Principles and Applications,Promises and Challenges

Major changes initiated by the Psychology Board of Australia (the Board) and by professional bodies both nationally and internationally have placed professional supervision in the spotlight for the practising psychologist and supervisor. Further, within the context of a growing impetus towards competency‐based pedagogies for professional training across disciplines, a recent Board document has indicated that supervisor training must adhere to a competency‐based model within a best‐practice supervision framework (Psychology Board of Australia). For the practising psychologist, the recent recommendation closely follows other initiatives including the introduction of mandatory peer consultation and supervisor accreditation. The current article seeks to clarify for the Australian psychologist the characteristics of competency‐based supervision models for training and supervision, and to unpack the many implications for professional practice. The article outlines the features that distinguish competency models from other supervision models, explains the rationale for and the merits that competency‐driven pedagogies promise, and discusses the challenges these changes will bring to supervision theory and practice.     

大学校长胜任力与职业认同的关系:基于潜在剖面分析

基于个体中心的视角考察大学校长胜任力和职业认同的关系,采用大学校长胜任力量表和职业认同量表对262名大学校长进行问卷调查。运用潜在剖面分析方法进行数据分析,结果表明:(1)大学校长胜任力可以分为四种潜在类别:低胜任力组、中胜任力组、高特质低能力组,高胜任力组,其中,中胜任组人数最多,高特质低能力组人数最少;(2)大学校长的职业认同得分在这四种潜在类别上有显著差异,中胜任力组、高胜任力组的大学校长职业认同得分显著高于高特质低能力组和低胜任力组,低胜任力组的大学校长职业认同显著于高于高特质低能力组。     

师生关系对研究生自我效能感的影响:有调节的中介模型

为探讨师生关系与自我效能感的关系;并着力考察专业认同和导师负面评价恐惧在其中所起的作用;采用一般自我效能感量表、研究生师生关系感知问卷、专业认同量表、害怕导师负面评价量表对458名研究生进行调查;结果发现:（1）师生关系可正向预测研究生自我效能感;专业认同在两者间起中介作用;（2）导师负面评价恐惧在师生关系通过专业认同影响自我效能感的中介模型后半段起调节作用;即对于导师负面评价恐惧较高的研究生来说;专业认同对其自我效能感的影响更大。研究结果揭示了师生关系对自我效能感的作用机制。     

当前医师执业环境对在校医学生影响的调查研究

当前医患关系紧张, 医师的执业环境不容乐观, 为了解这种执业环境对在校医学生的影响, 以复旦大学上海医学院的部分在校医学生为调查对象, 了解他们对当前医师执业环境所忧虑和关注的问题, 以及毕业后的职业方向。结果表明, 尽管88.16%的临床医学专业的医学生把临床医疗工作作为将来要从事的职业, 但对于“个人安全”的关注成为临床医学专业学生主要的忧虑。由此可见, 改善当前医师的执业环境已经成为广大临床医生和医学后备军的共同要求。     

Analyse des pratiques professionnelles en formation initiale des enseignants : dispositifs et retentissements

The present paper deals with an analysis of professional practices in initial teacher education. We prove how some characteristics of the system, depending on the nature of the proposed protocol or the size of the group, modify the nature of the reflexive work, as well as the perception of the interests and relevance of this kind of system. In order to do so, we rely on a survey precising the main effects and consequences of these systems on the trainee teacher's representations of their professional acts and identity development.     

体验式教学在ICU护士人文执业能力培养中的应用

按照护士人文执业能力概念架构,将护士人文执业能力培养分解为心理调适能力、自我管理能力、人际沟通能力、人文关怀实践能力、伦理与法律实践能力5个核心概念,并将其融入在体验式教学课程中,应用于ICU护士人文执业能力的培训中。通过引导式思考、情境体验、实践反思、质量评价等方式,开展相关培训。对比试验组和对照组的结果,发现体验式教学法能为ICU护士提供对人文执业能力理解的思路与方法,进而提升护士人文执业能力。