A psychoanalytically informed hospitalization‐based treatment of personality disorders

This study presents a model of psychic change in personality disorders focusing on three dimensions: felt safety, mentalization and self‐object relations. Based upon this model a hospitalization‐based therapy program was created. Four scales to measure these three dimensions on the Object Relation Interview are discussed: the Felt Safety Scale, the Reflective Functioning Scale and the Bion Grid Scale and the Differentiation‐Relatedness Scale. A naturalistic symptom outcome study of the program showed a large effect on both symptoms and personality functioning. Furthermore, trajectory based on pre‐treatment patient characteristics (i.e., anaclitic versus introjective personality styles). Importantly, we also found a relation between symptomatic and personality change and change in felt safety and object relations. At 5‐year follow‐up, patients showed sustained improvement in symptomatic distress and further improvement in terms of personality and interpersonal functioning.     

Empirical Priors in Polytomous Computerized Adaptive Tests: Risks and Rewards in Clinical Settings

The use of empirical prior information about participants has been shown to substantially improve the efficiency of computerized adaptive tests (CATs) in educational settings. However, it is unclear how these results translate to clinical settings, where small item banks with highly informative polytomous items often lead to very short CATs. We explored the risks and rewards of using prior information in CAT in two simulation studies, rooted in applied clinical examples. In the first simulation, prior precision and bias in the prior location were manipulated independently. Our results show that a precise personalized prior can meaningfully increase CAT efficiency. However, this reward comes with the potential risk of overconfidence in wrong empirical information (i.e., using a precise severely biased prior), which can lead to unnecessarily long tests, or severely biased estimates. The latter risk can be mitigated by setting a minimum number of items that are to be administered during the CAT, or by setting a less precise prior; be it at the expense of canceling out any efficiency gains. The second simulation, with more realistic bias and precision combinations in the empirical prior, places the prevalence of the potential risks in context. With similar estimation bias, an empirical prior reduced CAT test length, compared to a standard normal prior, in 68% of cases, by a median of 20%; while test length increased in only 3% of cases. The use of prior information in CAT seems to be a feasible and simple method to reduce test burden for patients and clinical practitioners alike.     

社会快感缺失认知过程的跨诊断研究进展

社会快感缺失具有广泛的跨诊断和亚临床特征,包括孤独感、内向性、社交焦虑和社会功能受损等。传统医学模型聚焦于社会快感缺失相关疾病的诊断和神经生理机制,促进了社会快感缺失药物和神经靶向治疗。然而社会快感缺失广泛地存在于健康人群和亚临床人群中,只有寻找有效的心理咨询和治疗方案,才会对亚临床人群社会快感缺失的缓解和社会功能的提升提供帮助。认知过程模型聚焦于积极效价系统,强调对积极奖赏刺激注意、记忆、心理意象等认知过程的提升,该模型将是社会快感缺失心理咨询与治疗的有效途径。

     

HPV疫苗如何走入大众视野？——基于微博相关视频的内容分析

以微博相关视频为研究对象,对选取样本进行内容分析,探究有可能影响公众健康态度和疫苗健康决策的社交媒体内容如何呈现人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus, HPV)疫苗相关议题,并利用扩展的平行过程模式(expended parallel process model,EPPM)对其内容中的“威胁”和“效能”信息分析得出,兼具大众传播功能和人际传播影响力的微博中,不同来源的HPV疫苗视频对HPV健康风险及疫苗改善措施的信息呈现上存在差异,对于HPV疫苗的接种信息呈现不足,有可能影响用户的健康效能,对公众的健康促进需要更加全面、准确、平衡的HPV疫苗信息呈现。

     

药用曲的发展历史及其当代价值

酒曲初始应用为酿酒,后我国先民发现酒曲可以用于治疗疾病便将其纳入方剂之中,方剂中的酒曲又逐渐演化成专供药用的药用曲。药用曲在我国古代各个时期具有鲜明的特征,在曲类药物的溯源研究中具有导向性作用。至1956年,《中药成药配制经验介绍》正式提出“曲剂”的名词概念和相关标准,药用曲的完整内涵得以呈现。随着传统中医与西方现代医学的交流与融合,药用曲的工艺科学价值、医药文化价值和学术启示价值得以重塑,其当代价值和实用意义进一步被明确。药用曲的发展历史折射出了我国酒曲药用的深厚认知观念和文化内涵。

     

情境与互动：人际互倚及其模

人际互倚理论主要关注群体中个体之间的相互依附关系。文章介绍了互倚理论的历史发展,论述了人际互倚理论发展中研究方法的改进：从结果矩阵到转换细目表。方法的改进推动了重视情境的人际互倚情境模式的发展,使人际互倚理论从研究静态人际互倚关系转向研究动态人际互倚的转换过程。该文还对人际互倚研究进行了评价和展望     

回报谨慎对谈判过程和谈判结果的影响

回报谨慎是人们害怕在人际关系中被他人利用的一种信念。研究考察了回报谨慎对谈判者的动机倾向、谈判行为及谈判结果的影响。184人组成92个两人小组参加了一项模拟商业谈判,谈判前研究者成功地进行了回报谨慎的操纵,谈判结束后,参加谈判的人完成谈判协议和谈判后问卷。研究者假设,低回报谨慎的谈判者比高回报谨慎的谈判者在谈判中更可能持有合作倾向、更多地与谈判对手分享信息,研究者还预测回报谨慎与谈判双方的联合收益以及谈判后对谈判对手的看法都有关系。研究结果支持了上述假设。研究对从事商业谈判的人具有实际意义。     

阅读过程中眼动特征的发展研究

对国内外有关阅读过程中眼动特征的发展研究进行了综述。国外在该领域的研究大致经历了三个阶段,而国内的有关研究虽然起步较晚,但却取得了不少研究成果,对相关内各进行了扼要的介绍,最后作者对阅读过程眼动特征的发展研究发表了自己的看法。