异位妊娠临床诊疗中的策略与决策

通过异位妊娠的发病率,诊断及治疗中的注意事项,治疗方法的选择的分析,探讨异位妊娠的临床诊断及治疗的策略与决策。为了提高异位妊娠的诊断率、减少误诊率,需要建立合理的临床思维方法和科学的处理程序,为异位妊娠的临床诊断及治疗,提供科学的临床决策方法。     

企业组织变革特征、人力资源策略与变革应对行为的实验研究：组织学习的视角

在快速发展的全球化和知识经济背景下,各类组织急需通过变革创新来适应动态环境和开拓发展。本研究使用基于多案例的实验学习技术,研究与检验了公司组织变革的关键特征和人力资源策略与变革策略,特别关注了组织学习的关键作用。基于110项组织变革案例情节的内容分析,本研究验证了变革的四项主要特征：风险创新性、动态整合性、网络互动性和文化多样性。组织变革过程的有效人力资源策略包括培训发展、招聘配置和绩效薪酬。统计分析结果表明,组织绩效受到多重因素影响和组织学习的中介效应,而组织学习各个维度中,实验尝试学习的效应最显著。组织学习促进了两种变革策略的效能期望,即文化学习策略和团队协同策略。     

急性心肌梗死复杂冠脉病变延迟支架植入治疗策略

目前我国临床实践中,急性心肌梗死的急诊介入治疗几乎均以一次性植入支架为手术终点。然而急性心肌梗死患者常伴有复杂冠脉病变,此类患者一次性植入支架常出现“慢血流”或“无复流”现象,导致心肌微循环灌注障碍,直接影响患者的预后。本文从临床策略的角度出发,探讨此类患者急诊冠脉介入治疗中延迟植入支架治疗的策略及可行性。     

Choosing what I want or keeping what I should: The effect of decision strategy on choice consistency

We examine decision-makers’ consistency vis-à-vis their own priorities in a multi-choice task, using either an inclusion or exclusion strategy to reduce a set of alternatives. Four studies demonstrate that people’s decisions are more consistent with their priorities when using an exclusion vs. an inclusion strategy to screen alternatives. Moreover, this effect was stronger for less knowledgeable than for more knowledgeable decision-makers. We examined two possible mechanisms behind this phenomenon. First, we suggest that the process of thinking about the positive aspects of the alternatives (associated with inclusion) encourages the decision-maker to more favorably evaluate options initially given low marks, resulting in less consistency with preferences. We also show that under exclusion, people tend to select the alternatives that they think they should choose, while under inclusion they tend to choose options that are more in line with what they would like to have but which may be perceived as luxuries.     

关于数学应用题心理表征策略的新理论

本文主要阐述了数学应用题心理表征中的两种策略一直接转换策略和问题模型策略,介绍了两种策略的认知过程,并对两种策略的区分方法进行了探讨,最后总结说明了研究数学心理表征在理论和实践中的意义。     

论如何培养中小学生的创新精神

本文分析了创新与创造的本质、层次和我国教育至今未培养出获诺贝尔奖的科学家的一部分原因,论述了中小学生创新与创造的定位、创新精神的含义以及如何培养中小学生创新精神的策略与措施。     

Role of estrogen in balancing contributions from multiple memory systems

In addition to modulating memory per se, estrogen alters the learning strategy used to solve a task, thereby regulating the quality of information processed by the brain. This review discusses estrogen's actions on cognition within a memory systems framework, highlighting our work with a variety of paradigms showing that learning strategy is sensitive to estrogen even when learning rate is not. Specifically, high levels of gonadal steroids, in particular, elevations in estrogen, bias female rats toward using hippocampal-sensitive approaches while low levels of gonadal steroids promote the use of non-hippocampal sensitive strategies. In light of findings from a variety of approaches involving the hippocampus in allocentric and the striatum in egocentric response patterns, it is likely that estrogen alters the relative participation of these, and most undoubtedly other, neural systems during cognition. Changes in neuromodulators such as acetylcholine that regulate other processes such as inhibitory tone and excitability reflect one mechanism by which estrogen may orchestrate learning and memory.     

冠状动脉造影及介入治疗选择的临床决策

冠心病是当今威胁人类健康的重要疾病之一,其主要病理生理机制是冠状动脉狭窄或闭塞所致的心肌缺血或坏死.目前,冠状动脉造影(CAG)及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)已广泛应用于冠心病的确诊和治疗,众多患者为之受益.然而,我们也发现其中部分患者可能不必要接受CAG,或CAG后可能不必要或不宜接受PCI.鉴于此类技术的有创性、风险性、高费用等因素,同时为避免过度诊疗,充分评估已知冠心病介入治疗的选择及未知胸痛或其他情况CAG的选择,正确进行临床决策十分必要.     

社区卫生服务中医发展战略

在社区卫生服务中发挥中医药优势,不仅能够提高人民健康水平,而且能够促进机构自身发展,用管理学的SWOT（斯沃特）战略分析法分析了当前中医药在社区卫生服务发展中的优势与劣势、外部机会与威胁,对其发展面临的问题作了综合性的剖析,并提出相应的发展策略。     

关于我国临终关怀发展策略的思考

随着人口的老龄化,疾病谱和死因顺位的改变,恶性肿瘤等慢性疾病的患病过程和死亡过程明显延长,加上晚期恶性肿瘤患者昂贵的医疗费用与低质量的生存状态,这些都使得临终关怀成为一种迫切的需求.为此探讨我国临终关怀服务存在的主要问题和对策.