全文获取类型
收费全文 | 885篇 |
免费 | 168篇 |
国内免费 | 99篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 17篇 |
2021年 | 23篇 |
2020年 | 56篇 |
2019年 | 45篇 |
2018年 | 46篇 |
2017年 | 42篇 |
2016年 | 46篇 |
2015年 | 29篇 |
2014年 | 42篇 |
2013年 | 117篇 |
2012年 | 28篇 |
2011年 | 47篇 |
2010年 | 24篇 |
2009年 | 56篇 |
2008年 | 70篇 |
2007年 | 68篇 |
2006年 | 46篇 |
2005年 | 48篇 |
2004年 | 40篇 |
2003年 | 41篇 |
2002年 | 46篇 |
2001年 | 27篇 |
2000年 | 26篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 19篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1152条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
102.
对肾移植输血问题的思考 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
刘竞 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2003,24(10):13-15
就肾移植受者输血的几个问题进行了回顾和探讨。提出肾移植受者输血应该考虑的问题有:如何权衡输血对肾移植受者的有益作用与输血风险,输血医学的发展如何为肾移植提供更有力的保障,应该深入探讨输血有益于肾移植的机制,推进供者特异性输血在我国的应用。 相似文献
103.
The current review summarizes the literature on competing stimulus assessments (CSAs). CSAs are pretreatment assessments designed to systematically identify stimuli that reduce problem behavior (PB), ostensibly through reinforcer competition or substitution. We report on the participant characteristics, outcomes, and predictive validity of published CSAs that included (a) no-stimulus control trial(s), (b) test trials during which each stimulus was available singly and noncontingently, and (c) measurement of PB and stimulus engagement or contact. Results showed that CSAs have broad utility across a variety of topographies and functions of PB. In the majority of CSA applications for which extended analyses, or validations, were performed, stimuli shown to reduce PB during the CSA produced similar reductions during extended analysis. This was the case regardless of topography or function of PB, or whether the stimuli were assumed to be “matched” to the stimulation thought to be produced by PB. Implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
104.
Octopus vulgaris is able to open transparent glass jars closed with plastic plugs and containing live crabs. The decrease in performance times
for removing the plug and seizing the prey with increasing experience of the task has been taken to indicate learning. However,
octopuses’ attack behaviors are typically slow and variable in novel environmental situations. In this study the role of preexposure
to selected features of the problem-solving context was investigated. Although octopuses failed to benefit from greater familiarity
with the training context or with selected elements of the task of solving the jar problem, the methodological strategies
used are instructive in potentially clarifying the role of complex problem-solving behaviors in this species including stimulus
preexposure and social learning.
Received: 27 April 1998 / Accepted after revision: 24 July 1998 相似文献
105.
In search of the ‘Aha!’ experience: Elucidating the emotionality of insight problem‐solving
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Wangbing Shen Yuan Yuan Chang Liu Jing Luo 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2016,107(2):281-298
Although the experience of insight has long been noted, the essence of the ‘Aha!’ experience, reflecting a sudden change in the brain that accompanies an insight solution, remains largely unknown. This work aimed to uncover the mystery of the ‘Aha!’ experience through three studies. In Study 1, participants were required to solve a set of verbal insight problems and then subjectively report their affective experience when solving the problem. The participants were found to have experienced many types of emotions, with happiness the most frequently reported one. Multidimensional scaling was employed in Study 2 to simplify the dimensions of these reported emotions. The results showed that these different types of emotions could be clearly placed in two‐dimensional space and that components constituting the ‘Aha!’ experience mainly reflected positive emotion and approached cognition. To validate previous findings, in Study 3, participants were asked to select the most appropriate emotional item describing their feelings at the time the problem was solved. The results of this study replicated the multidimensional construct consisting of approached cognition and positive affect. These three studies provide the first direct evidence of the essence of the ‘Aha!’ experience. The potential significance of the findings was discussed. 相似文献
106.
107.
Tara A. Fahmie Brian A. Iwata Sarah C. Mead 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2016,49(4):915-926
Although decades of research on functional analysis methodology have identified common contingencies that maintain problem behavior and effective interventions, relatively little research has been conducted on strategies to prevent the initial development of problem behavior. We conducted a 2‐part case study, the purposes of which were to illustrate the use of sensitivity tests as the bases for intervention (Study 1) and subsequently to assess the efficacy of a prevention strategy using a single‐subject design (Study 2). Results showed that the sensitivity tests identified establishing operations that may set the occasion for the development of problem behavior and that interventions based on differential reinforcement prevented increases in the severity of problem behavior relative to untreated and control baselines. Benefits and limitations to this individualized approach to prevention are discussed. 相似文献
108.
An integrated model for guiding the selection of treatment components for problem behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of applied behavior analysis》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Wendy K. Berg David P. Wacker Joel E. Ringdahl Jason Stricker Kelly Vinquist Anuradha Salil Kumar Dutt Danielle Dolezal Jeffrey Luke Lisa Kemmerer Jayme Mews 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2016,49(3):617-638
We evaluated the usefulness of 2 assessments to guide treatment selection for individuals whose prior functional analysis indicated that automatic reinforcement maintained their problem behavior. In the 1st assessment, we compared levels of problem behavior during a noncontingent play condition and an alone or ignore condition. In the 2nd, we assessed participants’ relative preferences for automatic reinforcement and social reinforcers in a concurrent‐operants arrangement. We used the results of these 2 assessments to assign 5 participants to a treatment based on noncontingent access to social reinforcers or to a treatment based on differential access to social reinforcers. We conducted monthly probes with the participants over 10 to 12 months to evaluate the effects of the treatment procedures. All participants showed reductions in problem behavior over this period. 相似文献
109.
Individual and combined effects of noncontingent reinforcement and response blocking on automatically reinforced problem behavior
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of applied behavior analysis》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Valdeep Saini Brian D. Greer Wayne W. Fisher Katherine R. Lichtblau Andresa A. DeSouza Daniel R. Mitteer 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2016,49(3):693-698
Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) and response blocking are 2 common interventions for problem behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement. We implemented NCR and blocking with 1 boy and found this combined intervention to be effective at decreasing high rates of automatically reinforced pica. With another child, we compared the effects of blocking alone to the combined intervention. With the third child, we compared NCR alone and blocking alone to the combined intervention. Results showed that the combined intervention was effective at reducing automatically reinforced problem behavior while moderate to high levels of item engagement maintained. When evaluated individually, neither NCR nor blocking was sufficient to reduce problem behavior to clinically significant levels. 相似文献
110.
Zina Eluri Ivette Andrade Noemi Trevino Enad Mahmoud 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2016,49(2):383-387
We modified functional analysis procedures to include a condition in which we reinforced problem behavior by complying with a child's mands. After identifying compliance with mands as a reinforcer, we evaluated the efficacy of a token system with a response‐cost contingency and incorporated discriminative stimuli to signal when mands would be reinforced. The token system with response cost effectively reduced problem behavior. Similar procedures may be beneficial when continuous adult compliance is not possible, when adults want to control when they will comply with the child's mands, or to build a child's tolerance for adult‐directed situations. 相似文献