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281.
282.
两个实验用移动视窗技术,用目标句阅读时间和命名探测词两种指标来考察当文本中有两个情境模型时,读者是否会即时进行预期推理。结果表明,如果在支持性语境与引发推理的信息之间插入一个与支持性语境所描述的情境模型不同的,且与主人公目标有关的因果链上的情境模型的信息,则不管这个插入的情境模型在文本中的位置如何,也不管干扰信息的干扰水平高低,都会降低因果性预期推理在阅读中产生的可能性。 相似文献
283.
Dweck成就目标取向理论的发展及其展望 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
简单介绍了Dweck成就目标取向理论的形成过程,以突出其理论的主要价值。文章重点分析了国内外研究者对目标取向理论的发展,主要体现在两方面:一是对目标取向模型本身的探讨,二是目标取向的动态调节作用。在此基础上,文章指出Dweck理论的精髓在于能力观,而能力观培养是目前研究所欠缺的,应成为未来研究的一个重要方向。该文分析了能力观培养的可能途径,并指出应从儿童自身发展的角度探索能力观的培养方法。 相似文献
284.
Past research has yielded mixed findings for performance achievement goals. To help resolve this inconsistency, two experiments explored the moderating role of context and individual differences in achievement orientation. Participants in Study 1 pursued either a performance goal or no goal while solving enjoyable puzzles. They did so within either an evaluative or non-evaluative context, and received positive feedback after task completion. Results show that performance goals did not affect performance on the puzzles and undermined interest only when pursued within evaluative contexts by people low in achievement orientation. Study 2 replicated Study 1 and extended it by manipulating outcome feedback valence. Negative feedback given in an evaluative context undermined interest for people high in achievement orientation, but had no effect on those low in achievement orientation. The findings are related to classic achievement motivation findings and current approach-avoidant models of achievement goal theory. 相似文献
285.
286.
目标感染是动机领域新近出现的一个概念(Aarts等,2004),所谓目标感染指的是个体可以自动的从他人行为信息中推测其目标并无意识的追求这一目标。目标感染在激活对象、复杂程度等方面不同于单纯的行为模仿,在行为性质、意识水平等方面又区别于观察学习。目标状态可及性、目标情感效价等因素会影响目标感染现象的发生。已有研究中通常采用目标相关词汇、社会信息两种方式进行目标的激活。作为对有意识目标追求的补充,目标感染的研究促进了我们对个体行为的理解。未来研究尚可就观察者特征、目标熟悉程度、被观察者数量等因素对目标感染的影响开展进一步的探讨。 相似文献
287.
We present some equivalent conditions for a quasivariety of structures to be generated by a single structure. The first such condition, called the embedding property was found by A.I. Mal′tsev in [6]. It says that if are nontrivial, then there exists such that A and B are embeddable into C. One of our equivalent conditions states that the set of quasi-identities valid in is closed under a certain Gentzen type rule which is due to J. Łoś and R. Suszko [5].
Presented by Jacek Malinowski 相似文献
288.
Stress generation is a process in which individuals, through their depressive symptoms, personal characteristics, and/or behaviors,
contribute to the occurrence of stressful life events. While this process has been well documented in adults, few studies
have examined it in children. The present study examines whether cognitive and interpersonal vulnerability factors to depression
contribute to stress generation in children, independent of their current depressive symptoms. Participants included 140 children
(ages 6 to 14) and one of their parents. During an initial assessment, children completed self-report measures assessing cognitive
and interpersonal vulnerability factors to depression. Children and their parents also completed measures assessing depressive
symptoms. One year later, children and their parents participated in a semi-structured interview assessing the occurrence
of stressful life events in the past year. Multi-level modeling results provided strong support for the stress generation
process in children of affectively ill parents and highlight the importance of considering gender and age moderation effects.
相似文献
Claire StarrsEmail: |
289.
The aim of this study was to examine stability and change in genetic and environmental influences on reactive (impulsive and affective) and proactive (planned and instrumental) aggression from childhood to early adolescence. The sample was drawn from an ongoing longitudinal twin study of risk factors for antisocial behavior at the University of Southern California (USC). The twins were measured on two occasions: ages 9–10 years (N=1,241) and 11–14 years (N=874). Reactive and proactive aggressive behaviors were rated by parents. The stability in reactive aggression was due to genetic and nonshared environmental influences, whereas the continuity in proactive aggression was primarily genetically mediated. Change in both reactive and proactive aggression between the two occasions was mainly explained by nonshared environmental influences, although some evidence for new genetic variance at the second occasion was found for both forms of aggression. These results suggest that proactive and reactive aggression differ in their genetic and environmental stability, and provide further evidence for some distinction between reactive and proactive forms of aggression. Aggr. Behav. 35:437–452, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
290.
Development of achievement-related motives in young athletes is believed to be influenced by the motivational climate created
by coaches. In a longitudinal multilevel design utilizing 47 youth basketball teams, coach-initiated motivational climate
was used to predict changes in 9–13 year old athletes’ achievement goal orientations over the course of a season. Mastery
climate scores on the Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sports were associated with significant increases in mastery goal
orientation and decreases in ego orientation scores on the Achievement Goal Scale for Youth Sports. Ego motivational climate
scores were significantly related to increases in ego goal orientation scores. These relations were not influenced by athletes’
age or gender. Intraclass correlations indicated low within-team consensus in athletes’ motivational climate scores, suggesting
an individual- rather than team-level perceptual construct. These and other findings indicate that achievement goal orientation
research can be extended downward to children below the age of 11.
相似文献
Ronald E. SmithEmail: |