Syntactic reconstruction and reanalysis,semantic dead ends,and prefrontal cortex

The left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) is crucially has been found to be involved in syntactic processing of various kinds. This study investigates the cortical effects of two types of syntactic processes: (i) Reconstruction in ellipsis (recovery of left-out material given by context, More people have been to Paris than […] to Oslo), using pseudo-elliptical structures (‘dead ends’) as control (More people have been to Paris than I have). (ii) Reanalysis in the face of structural ambiguity in syntactic ‘garden paths’, where the parser initially assigns an incorrect structure and is forced to reanalyze. Reanalysis and reconstruction require additional syntactic processing and were predicted to increase activation in areas otherwise involved in structural computation: LIFG (BA 44, 45), premotor BA 6, and posterior temporal BA 21, 22. This was borne out. The results showed an interaction effect of the types of construction in all three areas reflecting syntactic processing.     

5.12汶川大地震对灾区大学新生入学后心理状况影响的质性研究——基于四川省某大学个案访谈的分析

了解和掌握来自5.12大地震对灾区大学新生心理状况所产生的影响,为下一步做好做好灾区大学生的工作提供借鉴。方法:以四川省某高校来自灾区的部分新生为研究对象,采用定性分析,以校园生活满意度、校园关爱度、惊恐维度、自信维度等多个研究维度选取了5个对象进行个案访谈。结果汶川大地震对灾区大学新生的心理产生了一定的影响。     

初级运动区的fMRI实验研究

本实验采用功能磁共振为实验仪器,被试进行运动准备和运动执行两种作业活动,实验设计为延时序列运动任务。在对实验数据进行预处理,反卷积、标准化处理后,采用欧式距离公式进行聚类统计,统计结果显示,M1区不仅具有运动执行和运动准备的功能,还发现其他功能区域的激活,不是单纯的运动执行功能,这一区域与三种活动有关。     

风水理论中的地理思维

风水理论作为我国古人生产生活的依据之一,具有盲目迷信和不科学的地方,但在另一方面,却是古代人民在自然环境中长期形成的生产生活经验的积累,是古代人民伟大智慧的凝结,包含着丰富的地理学思维和合理的科学内核。本文认为:风水理论产生和发展于人类对地理环境的认识;风水理论充分关注地理学中的人地关系议题,体现了古人的地域综合体的思维;风水学从不同尺度来考察人类周围的环境,体现了地理学的尺度观念。     

权利优先、还是义务优先——对涉及人的生物医学研究中受试者权利与义务关系的理性思考

对“权利与义务”从“公正”方面进行了解读,论述了在涉及人的生物医学研究中,受试者权利与义务之间的复杂关系,提出“受试者权利优先”是平衡两者关系的基本原则;确立了“受试者权利优先”的具体策略：首先尊重受试者的权利（首要性）;当受试者的权利与受试者的义务出现一定矛盾时,应该把尊重受试者的权利放在首位（至上性）;在尊重受试者的权利中,化解两者矛盾。     

农村中医药医疗现状与改革对策初探——湖南农村中医医疗调查分析与思考

为了解农村居民对中医药的认知和利用现状,分析农村中医药发展的制约因素,探讨适合农村实情的中医医疗发展道路,通过对家庭入户进行相关问卷调查,收集农村居民对中医医疗的认知及利用的相关资料,证明中医医疗在农村的信任度及利用水平随居民年龄增大而增加,农村中医医疗现状居民满意度仅为31％。     

美国、英国和加拿大健康战略的比较分析

美国、英国和加拿大三国均为发达国家,也是世界上最早开展健康战略研究的几个国家。通过比较美国、英国和加拿大三国的基本卫生状况、健康战略的内容和发展过程,在此基础上,分析了三个国家在制定和实施健康战略过程中的做法与经验,为制定和完善“健康中国2020”战略提出了相关的建议。     

Environmental representations of local communities' spokespersons in protected areas

Despite the popularization of the environmental discourse, rural environmental belief‐systems should not be viewed as homogenous. Focusing on the largest protected area in Greece, we examined heterogeneity in local environmental views. Local spokespersons elicited word associations to two stimulus terms, namely, ‘environmentalists’ and ‘protected area’. Based on association categories for both terms, we identified two sample segments. ‘Naturalists’ appealed to a naturalistic image, which shaped the core compartment of their representations. On the other hand, ‘skeptics’ provided both environmentalist claims and critical accounts. Our findings revealed that the environmental discourse was widely diffused among local spokespersons. Issues of power and participation in decision‐making processes within protected areas are discussed. For instance, dimensions of power and legitimacy were reflected in the frequency of association categories and their allocation among sample segments. Specifically, environmentalist accounts were overtly expressed by both ‘naturalists’ and skeptics, while a more socially, politically and critically inclined view was revealed by a small percentage of associations that were all elicited by ‘skeptics’. We conclude that appreciating the heterogeneity of rural environmental views can reinforce the democratic mandate in environmental policy‐making. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

在不同注意定向条件下是否出现返回抑制的知觉优先

返回控制中的知觉优先是指相对于非线索化位置,线索化位置的刺激被优先知觉到的现象。研究采用时序判断方法对不同注意定向下返回抑制的知觉优先现象进行了两个实验。实验１采用连续线索化的安排,发现当注意从线索化位置移开后知觉优先仍然存在;实验２采用同时呈现双线索的安排发现知觉优先也存在。     

Effect of unpleasant loud noise on hippocampal activities during picture encoding: an fMRI study

The functional link between the amygdala and hippocampus in humans has not been well documented. We examined the effect of unpleasant loud noise on hippocampal and amygdaloid activities during picture encoding by means of fMRI, and on the correct response in humans. The noise reduced activity in the hippocampus during picture encoding, decreased the correct response and increased the activity of the amygdala. A path diagram using structural equation modeling suggested that hippocampus activity might be depressed by high amygdala activity. Therefore, noise should diminish memory by reducing hippocampal activity, which might be depressed by high amygdala activity.