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31.
32.
Jennie Louise 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2009,12(4):345-364
The ‘Wrong Kind of Reason’ problem for buck-passing theories (theories which hold that the normative is explanatorily or conceptually
prior to the evaluative) is to explain why the existence of pragmatic or strategic reasons for some response to an object
does not suffice to ground evaluative claims about that object. The only workable reply seems to be to deny that there are reasons of the ‘wrong kind’ for responses, and to argue that these are really reasons for wanting, trying, or intending to
have that response. In support of this, it is pointed out that awareness of pragmatic or strategic considerations, unlike
awareness of reasons of the ‘right kind’, are never sufficient by themselves to produce the responses for which they are reasons.
I argue that this phenomenon cannot be used as a criterion for distinguishing reasons-for-a-response from reasons-for-wanting-to-have-a-response.
I subsequently investigate the possibility of basing this distinction on a claim that the responses in question (e.g. admiration
or desire) are themselves inherently normative; I conclude that this approach is also unsuccessful. Hence, the ‘direct response’
phenomenon cannot be used to rule out the possibility of pragmatic or strategic reasons for responses; and the rejection of
such reasons therefore cannot be used to circumvent the Wrong Kind of Reason Problem.
相似文献
Jennie LouiseEmail: |
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34.
城镇职工医疗保险改革面临的问题与对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国政府已明确提出城镇职工基本医疗保险制度的改革目标,虽然改革已取得了一些进展,但距改革目标仍有相当差距。采用政治分析方法,分析了目前医改所面临的主要问题与原因,并在借鉴国际医疗保障制度改革启示的基础上,进一步探讨解决问题和推进改革进程的思路。 相似文献
35.
Ingmar Persson 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2001,4(1):23-39
Derek Parfit has argued that (Teleological) Egalitarianism is objectionable by breaking a person-affecting claim to the effect that an outcome cannot be better in any respect - such as that of equality - if it is better for nobody. So, he presents the Priorty View, i.e., the policy of giving priority to benefiting the worse-off, which avoids this objection. But it is here argued, first, that there is another person-affecting claim that this view violates. Secondly, Egalitarianism can be construed as person-affecting in a weaker sense. Thirdly, it is possible to construct a Relational version of the Priority View which incorporates the Egalitarian value of just equality in this sense. Two reasons are given for why this Relational View and Egalitarianism are superior to the Parfitian Absolute Priority View. However, no attempt is made to abjudicate between the first two views, the main point being that they both accept the value of just equality in the same sense. 相似文献
36.
短时距知觉中的面积效应 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
初步探讨了短时距(1─5s)下时距刺激的面积大小和立体框架大小对时距知觉的影响及其成因。结果表明:刺激的面积大小对短时距知觉的影响极其显著;存在两种不同反应类型的被试─-大小依存者与非大小依存者,在不同反应类型的被试中刺激的立体框架大小对短时距知觉的影响不同,刺激的立体框架大小对大小依存者的短时距知觉的影响极其显著,但对非大小依存者的影响不显著。 相似文献
37.
Many everyday decisions have to be made under risk and can be interpreted as choices between gambles with different outcomes that are realized with specific probabilities. The underlying cognitive processes were investigated by testing six sets of hypotheses concerning choices, decision times, and information search derived from cumulative prospect theory, decision field theory, priority heuristic and parallel constraint satisfaction models. Our participants completed 40 decision tasks of two gambles with two non‐negative outcomes each. Information search was recorded using eye‐tracking technology. Results for choices, decision time, the amount of information searched for, fixation durations, the direction of the information search, and the distribution of fixations conflict with the prediction of the non‐compensatory priority heuristic and indicate that individuals use compensatory strategies. Choice proportions are well in line with the predictions of cumulative prospect theory. Process measures indicate that individuals thereby do not rely on deliberate calculations of weighted sums. Information integration processes seem to be better explained by models that partially rely on automatic processes such as decision field theory or parallel constraint satisfaction models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
38.
A new density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm is presented which conserves the total spin. This is the first time that standard DMRG is extended to exploit fully the symmetries of the Hamiltonian. The obtained general procedure works for any operator, even operators that do not commute with the Hamiltonian. The new method gives substantial improvements over the standard DMRG. 相似文献
39.
Timothy A. Worden 《Journal of motor behavior》2018,50(2):177-193
Training protocols designed to improve dual-task performance of an obstacle crossing and auditory Stroop task (OBS+Stroop) were tested. In Experiment 1, following baseline collection of OBS+Stroop trials, proximally related walking training was performed, and participants were then retested on the OBS+Stroop test. After training, participants adopted a more cautious obstacle crossing strategy, indicating a potentially safer navigation strategy. Transfer effects from distally related training were then examined (Experiment 2); a computer game training paradigm was examined using the same testing protocol as Experiment 1. Computer training demonstrated improved dual-task performance on some measures, but did not induce a more cautious stepping strategy. Results indicate that dual-task training needs to be similar to targeted tasks to yield reliable, positive training outcomes. 相似文献
40.
本研究采用SCL-90、EPQ等量表,对苏中地区小学教师的人格特征与心理健康问题的关系进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)苏中地区小学教师的人格特征与其心理健康状况显著相关。(2)苏中地区小学教师人格特征的N分、P分和E分因子进入心理健康因子的回归方程,是心理健康水平的关键性影响因素。(3)N分、P分和E分因子对心理健康的解释率为28.6%。 相似文献