小学语文和数学教师课堂信息加工能力的研究

本研究采用小学语文和数学视频教学录象为实验材料,以小学语文和数学教师为研究对象,运用反应时测量法探讨小学语文和数学教师对不同类型课堂信息的加工速度和辨别能力。研究结果表明:小学语文和数学教师处理课堂背景信息方面采用了相似的策略,忽略与课堂教学无关信息;语文和数学教师在处理课堂信息方面表现出明显的学科差异,语文教师更注重课堂活动的组织与课堂气氛的调节,数学教师强调学科内容教学本身的精确性;小学语文教师处理课堂活动信息的加工速度显著快于数学教师。本研究的结论对小学教师培训有一定的启示。     

Sex differences in the association of math achievement with visual-spatial and verbal working memory: Does the type of math test matter?

Previous research on sex differences in mathematical achievement shows mixed findings, which have been argued to depend on types of math tests used and the type of solution strategies (i.e., verbal versus visual-spatial) these tests evoke. The current study evaluated sex differences in (a) performance (development) on two types of math tests in primary schools and (b) the predictive value of verbal and visual-spatial working memory on math achievement. Children (N = 3175) from grades 2 through five participated. Visual-spatial and verbal working memory were assessed using online computerized tasks. Math performance was assessed five times during two school years using a speeded arithmetic test (math fluency) and a word problem test (math problem solving). Results from Multilevel Multigroup Latent Growth Modeling, showed that sex differences in level and growth of math performance were mixed and very small. Sex differences in the predictive value of verbal and visual-spatial working memory for math performance suggested that boys seemed to rely more on verbal strategies than girls. Explanations focus on cognitive and emotional factors and how these may interact to possibly amplify sex differences as children grow older.     

中小学生对教师的信任及问卷编制

通过查阅文献、开放式问卷调查、访谈、内容分析等方法提出了中小学生对特定教师的信任结构并编制问卷项目。以小学四年级至初中二年级学生为研究对象,对539名学生进行初步问卷调查,经探索性因素分析得到含20个项目的中小学生对教师信任问卷,然后对1012名学生进行正式调查和验证性因素分析。结果表明:中小学生对特定教师的信任是一个多维结构,包括学生对教师的教学能力、守信可靠和友善关怀三方面的判断;自编的问卷有良好的信度和效度,可作为进一步研究的工具。     

中小学教师心理健康维度的初步构建

本研究通过开放式问卷调查和深度访谈,构建出教师心理健康的八个维度,编制了初测问卷,对初测问卷的结果进行探索性因素分析,形成了六个维度6、1个项目的正式问卷,对正式问卷进行验证性因素分析。结果得到中小学教师心理健康的六个维度是:挫折应对问题、职业倦怠、人格障碍、躯体症状、社会适应问题和人生态度问题。对问卷进行描述性统计分析,发现中小学教师在这六个维度上存在一定的心理健康问题。     

原发性和继发性早期复发性自然流产的病因分析

为了分析原发性和继发性早期复发性自然流产（RSA）病因特点,对在本中心就诊的原发性和继发性早期RSA患者进行内分泌、遗传、感染、自身免疫、子宫解剖、男方精液等方面的检查。结果显示,原发性和继发性早期RSA患者病因特点有所不同,可以有针对性地选择病因检查。     

“Primary Relations” In a New Foundational Axiomatic Framework

The new system of axioms we propose is based on the foundational theory of De Giorgi et al. Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Preprints di Matematica 26: 1 (1996) slightly modified. In that paper (which is dedicated to a new axiomatic framework for mathematics, informatics and logic) the authors use two kinds of primitive notions: relations and qualities. Since their system is based on the distribution paradigm, they start from distinction. We propose to shift the perspective and to start from unity and then from within unity to pass to distinction; to this end we apply ideas of Lesniewski, Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 44 (1992). We introduce only one kind of entity as a primitive notion, namely relations, and treat qualities as articulations of relations. The new concept of “primary relation” permits the introduction of a dynamic, non-standard form of identity, which we hope will find application in various fields where self-referential structures are required.     

小学儿童社会创造性与其同伴关系、学业成绩的关系

采用整群取样法, 选取387名小学儿童, 采用问卷法、同伴提名法和成绩评定, 考察了其社会创造性与其同伴关系、学业成绩的关系。结果表明:(1)小学儿童的社会创造性与学业成绩、社会喜好、社会影响, 学业成绩与社会喜好均呈显著正相关;(2)社会喜好在社会创造性与学业成绩之间、学业成绩在社会创造性与社会喜好之间、社会创造性在社会喜好与学业成绩之间均具有显著的中介效应, 社会影响在社会创造性对学业成绩的影响中具有显著的调节作用。     

我国肝癌肝移植的现况与伦理争论

肝移植是目前治疗肝癌最有效的方法。虽然活体肝移植让人们看到了解决肝源短缺的希望,但短时间内肝源短缺依然是困扰肝移植的瓶颈问题,并由此引发肝癌肝移植的伦理争论。虽然肝癌是肝移植适应证之一,但业内人士一致认为对肝癌肝移植应采取谨慎态度并提高其纳入标准。本文就肝癌肝移植相关伦理问题加以探讨。     

从肝脏移植手术治疗原发性肝癌的辩证思考

肝癌的手术治疗中肝切除和肝移植在适应证的选择、手术方式、围手术期的管理上有很大的不同,但在治疗目的、手术和解剖技术上又有共同之处。这种对立统一的关系对指导临床工作有重要意义。结合我国实际,用辩证的方法和发展的观点选择恰当的方法是手术治疗肝癌的关键。     

超声引导介入治疗在老年原发性肝癌中的应用

超声引导介入治疗是一种微创靶向治疗,具有操作简单、安全性高等优点,已成为临床肝癌非手术领域不可缺少的新技术。治疗手段主要包括微波消融、局部注射无水酒精、抗肿瘤生物反应调节剂等。在老年人这个特殊人群中的应用得到较多重视。本文就超声引导介入治疗在老年原发性肝癌中的应用做一讨论。