叙事取向团体辅导对大学生自我认同的干预研究

自我认同的发展与大学生心理健康水平及其今后的社会适应关系密切。本研究用叙事取向团体辅导对大学生自我认同进行干预。结果发现,叙事治疗强调的好奇、尊重、珍惜的态度,为成员创设了安全、温暖、支持的团体氛围;外化和解构使成员与问题拉开距离,探讨问题的影响力;寻找并丰厚特殊意义事件,让成员看到自身的正向力量和资源;局外见证人团队,进一步巩固成员身上的正向力量。结论：叙事取向团体辅导是促进大学生自我认同发展的有效途径。     

原发性三叉神经痛两种治疗方法的比较

原发性三叉神经痛的治疗方法以神经毁损术最为常用。通过对经皮射频热凝毁损术和阿霉素化学毁损术的疗效、安全性、复发率、并发症及费用等方面的比较,揭示两种方法的利弊。用比较治疗学的理念及方法来指导三叉神经痛治疗的临床决策,以期能在目前条件下提高患者的治疗效果、降低医疗费用及提高生活质量。     

高中生目标定向、学习策略、归因与成绩的关系

该文采用问卷调查的方法,对270名高中生的目标定向、学习策略、归因的特点及其与成绩的关系进行了研究。结果表明：1）男生的掌握定向倾向强于女生,且在学习中更多地采用认知和元认知策略,而女生则具有更明显的能力和内部归因。2）归因与目标定向、学习策略间呈现出较为复杂的相关关系。3）复述策略和努力归因能够负向预测成绩,调节和努力管理策略可以正向预测成绩,而目标定向通过归因和学习策略间接影响成绩。     

“Communities isn't just about trees and shops”: students from two South African universities engage in dialogue about ‘community’ and ‘community work’

The question of what constitutes ‘a community’ or even ‘the community’ takes on an extra salience in a divided society such as South Africa where the entire environment remains imprinted with the legacy of enforced segregation along racial lines. Higher education institutions need to prepare emerging health and social service students for the world of practice in a context of diversity, continuing segregation and marked inequality. As one step to helping students deal with working in a divided society, academic departments from two different South African universities have been involved in a collaborative teaching and research project. Fourth year psychology and social work students from the two universities took part in a collaborative, practical course which formed part of their curricula. In this course, students were given the opportunity to engage with the notion of ‘community’ and ‘community work’ with each other. The students came from diverse racial, class and political backgrounds, and by engaging with one another as they did, had the opportunity to ‘visit’ worlds they have rarely had access to. While this course was able to achieve a broadening awareness among students from different backgrounds about the notion of community, it will take both more engagement with courses of this kind, and a continuing history of change in South Africa, for students to feel more comfortable in transcending both physical and psychological boundaries. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

小学儿童算术估算能力的发展

本研究深入考察了我国现阶段小学儿童算术估算能力的发展状况。通过运用自编材料对1027名儿童的团体与个别测试,发现其估算能力的发展具有如下特点：（1）明显受到题目类型的影响,但在不同年龄阶段影响又不尽相同。（2）三年级可能是整数和小数估算能力发展的一个关键期,五年级是发展分数估算能力的较好时期。（3）不同估算策略的发展进程差别相当大,不同时期都有发展的侧重点。（4）小学儿童在估算时易发生多种错误,而且不同年级均有一些典型错误。另外研究还对儿童估算能力、策略与错误类型的发展进行了深入讨论。     

中学生写作文本形成能力的发展特点

从一所普通中学六个年级随机选取801名被试,使用自编测验研究了中学生写作文本形成能力的发展特点,结果发现：（1）中学生写作文本形成能力起点较高,初三年级是其基本形成的关键期;（2）中学生写作文本形成能力在高中阶段发展平缓;（3）中学生写作文本形成能力分维度的不同方面发展不均衡,较高水平方面受到认知加工容量、概括水平和抽象逻辑思维水平等心理因素的制约;（4）中学生写作文本形成能力存在性别差异,女生优于男生。     

Spirituality and education for global citizenship: developing student teachers’ perceptions and practice

Education for Global Citizenship (E4GC) offers many opportunities to explore spirituality and a sense of how one fits into the world at a range of levels. Beyond the Curriculum Boundaries is a project that enables student teachers to consider E4GC alongside issues of multiculturalism, antiracism and democracy education, with a strong focus on religious education and geography. This paper outlines the ethos behind the project, identifies key elements and themes, appraises student responses, and evaluates key learning points. Student teachers respond to the module in a variety of ways that inform their learning and teaching, and development takes place on both personal and professional levels: as the project has developed the awareness of children’s worldviews and the sense of interconnectedness with others has grown, adding an increasingly spiritual dimension to learning. This article argues that E4GC provides an effective vehicle for supporting the often‐overlooked spiritual dimension of children development.     

A follow‐up study of the long‐term effects of counselling in a primary care counselling psychology service

Despite much recent work examining the short‐term effect of counselling in primary healthcare settings, to date relatively little research has examined the effectiveness of such treatment programmes over the longer term. In this study, 58 participants underwent brief, time‐limited integrative counselling sessions, with symptoms being measured using the CORE‐OM immediately before, immediately after, and 30 months after counselling. It was found that in addition to participants reporting significantly lower levels of psychological distress immediately post‐counselling, a further significant improvement at 30‐month follow‐up was also apparent, indicating that the benefit from counselling was maintained. In addition to this reduction in symptoms post‐counselling, a significant reduction in GP visits was also detected in the 12 months following counselling when compared with the 12 months prior to counselling, indicating a lower reliance on the primary healthcare team after counselling.     

A five‐year evaluation of the effectiveness of person‐centred counselling in routine clinical practice in primary care

Counselling is the recommended treatment for individuals with mild to moderate mental health problems of recent onset. In this evaluation of a primary care counselling service offering person‐centred counselling, the Core Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM) was administered at referral and at the beginning and end of therapy. A pre‐post therapy effect size for 697 individuals over a 5 year period was 1.2. This compares with a waitlist (between referral and pre therapy) effect size of 0.24 for 382 individuals over a three year period. The results indicate that person‐centred counselling is effective for clients with common mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression. Effectiveness is not limited to individuals with mild to moderate symptoms of recent onset, but extends to people with moderate to severe symptoms of longer duration.     

Can CORE assessment data identify those clients less likely to benefit from brief counselling in primary care?

Studies show that counsellors in primary care see many clients with difficulties of a severity similar to those found in secondary care services. Evidence from both RCTs and studies of routinely collected data indicates that many of these ‘clinical’ clients benefit from brief counselling intervention. However, little is known about why some benefit while others fail to do so despite completing their counselling contract. This paper considers client characteristics recorded at assessment and aims, using logistic regression analysis, to identify those characteristics predictive of a poor outcome. Results indicate that a number of characteristics are associated with poor outcome; the most important predictors are economic inactivity and aspects of the patient's condition, particularly continuous/recurrent depression, with some differences between genders. However, the models produced were not acceptable in their predictive power. This may be partly due to data quality issues or important characteristics not being available in the data. The paper concludes that being unemployed or on state benefits may be a proxy measure of severity that has an important impact on outcome for all patients, and particularly for males. Some reasons are suggested and areas of future research are identified.