中学生攻击性发展特点的研究

本研究以823名中学生为被试,采用问卷法考察了7种类型攻击性的发展特点。结果发现:(1)自行编制的《中学生攻击性问卷》具有较高的信度和效度。(2)在攻击性的各个维度上,攻击性水平均呈现出随年级升高而逐渐增强的发展趋势。(3)在违反制度、言语攻击、身体攻击、恶意和疑心等维度上,男生的攻击性水平显著高于女生。(4)在违反制度和疑心两个维度上,重点校学生的攻击性水平显著高于普通校学生。     

Gender Role Development and Body Image among Male and Female First Year College Students

In the current study we examined associations between gender role development and body image. Male and female first-semester college students (N = 434) who identified as African American, Latino/a American, and European American completed surveys about gendered personality traits (instrumentality/expressivity), gender role attitudes, and aspects of body image (e.g., satisfaction, orientation). Gendered traits were more frequently associated with body image than were gender role attitudes. In particular, individuals who were more instrumental and less inauthentic in their relationships felt more positive about their bodies. Gender role attitudes were also associated with body image, but sometimes in an unexpected direction. These findings highlight the importance of examining multiple components of gender role development and body image in both men and women.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2004 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence, Baltimore, MD. This research was supported by grant R01 HD 41720 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development to Eva S. Lefkowitz.     

Attitudes of University Students toward Lesbians and Gay Men in Turkey

The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of university students in Turkey toward lesbians and gay men. Findings indicate that relatively negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay men are prevalent, but attitudes toward lesbians seem to be more positive than attitudes toward gay men. Gender differences directly affect attitudes, and religiosity also has great impact on the attitudes of the students toward lesbians and gay men. An active sex life and liberal attitudes toward premarital relations correlate with more positive attitudes toward homosexual persons. Finally, the data indicate that interpersonal contact with gay men and lesbians is associated with positive attitudes toward homosexuals.     

当今高校新生的主要心理问题及辅导策略

为深入认识当今高校新生的心理问题,探究学生辅导策略,本研究用SCL-90对来自全国各地的6619名2004级江西高校新生做深入调查,发现新生群体的心理问题广泛存在,强迫症状尤其严重,并具体分析了心理问题的社会、教育及新生自身等多方原因,还进一步提出了提高自觉性、强化针对性和增强协调性的学生辅导策略。     

上海市中学生心理健康自评量表的研究

本研究以中学生心理健康八条标准为理论构架,编制《上海市中学生心理健康自评量表(SISMSS)》。该量表共140个项目,由三个分量表组成,即适应性诊断量表、疾病性诊断量表和测谎量表,适应性诊断量表包含8个小测验,即主动学习、情绪乐观与稳定、自制力、自我认知、成就动机、与人沟通、责任感、性意识;疾病性诊断量表包含7个小测验,即精神分裂症倾向、抑郁症倾向、轻躁狂倾向、强迫症倾向、焦虑症倾向、恐怖症倾向、歇斯底里症倾向。适应性诊断量表与疾病性诊断量表之间并不是相互独立的,而是存在着一定程度的相关,有对应关系。SISMSS的内在一致性系数为0.9081(p<0.01),SISMSS与SCL-90之间的相关为0.589(p<0.01),SISMSS与MHT之间的相关为0.734(p<0.01)。     

初中生数学焦虑的调查及其调控研究

数学焦虑既是心理科学研究的对象,又与教育、教学,特别是学科教学密切相关。本文调查发现:部分初中生存在过度的数学焦虑,并且在年级、性别等维度上具有明显差异;教师的评价方式、课堂气氛、数学考试是形成数学焦虑的主要原因。运用三条教学策略的实验研究表明,数学焦虑是可以调控的,而且数学焦虑的缓解对学生数学成绩的提高有一定的促进作用。     

大学生的榜样偶像崇拜与专业学习的动机激发

偶像会对崇拜者的一生产生影响。大学生群体中依然存在偶像崇拜,通过对大学生偶像崇拜现状的分析,认为正确引导大学生选择其所学专业的“著名大师”作为自己的崇拜偶像和学习榜样,能激发兴趣,促进专业学习。还介绍了笔者在实践教学中总结归纳的一些经验。     

Do secondary school students make use of effective study strategies when they study on their own?

Although there is a large body of evidence for the utility of particular study strategies such as retrieval practice and distributed practice as memory‐enhancing instruments, they are seldom used by learners in educational practice. Thus far, the research on the use of these study strategies has focused only on undergraduate university students, oftentimes only investigating a set of predefined strategies. The question, thus, remains whether these results are generalisable to secondary school students. The present study is the first to explore the use of different study strategies by secondary school students. With the use of an open question, 316 secondary school students from three different secondary school levels were asked how they prepare for an exam when they are studying by themselves. The results show that secondary school students use study strategies considered to be suboptimal. In the discussion, we compare our findings with results of previous studies among undergraduate university students.     

父母物质主义与大学生网络强迫性购物:序列中介效应分析

本研究基于生命历程范式,探讨父母物质主义与大学生网络强迫性购物的关系,并在此基础上建构了一个序列中介效应模型,考察大学生物质主义和社会比较的中介作用。采用方便抽样法对武汉市一所综合性大学858名具有网络购物经验的学生进行问卷调查,结果显示：（1）父母物质主义、大学生物质主义、社会比较和网络强迫性购物两两显著正相关;（2）在控制了性别和家庭社会经济地位之后,父母物质主义对大学生网络强迫性购物具有显著正向预测作用;（3）大学生物质主义和社会比较在父母物质主义与大学生网络强迫性购物之间起中介作用。具体而言,父母物质主义通过两条路径影响大学生网络强迫性购物,一是大学生物质主义的单独中介作用;二是大学生物质主义和社会比较的序列中介作用。上述结果表明,父母物质主义对大学生网络强迫性购物具有一定影响,且这种影响是通过个体因素（物质主义）和同伴互动因素（社会比较）共同作用形成的。     

大学生宿舍人际关系与抑郁的关系:宿舍冲突应对方式的中介作用和性别的调节作用

本研究使用宿舍人际关系问卷、抑郁自评量表和宿舍冲突应对方式问卷,采取整群随机抽样的方法,从武汉市三所大学抽取了876名大一至大四的本科生进行调查,旨在考察宿舍冲突应对方式在大学生宿舍人际关系与抑郁之间的中介作用以及性别的调节作用。结果表明：（1）宿舍人际关系与抑郁显著负相关;宿舍冲突应对方式中的竞争、回避与抑郁显著正相关,合作与抑郁显著负相关;（2）竞争与合作在大学生宿舍人际关系与抑郁之间中介效应显著;（3）性别调节了宿舍人际关系通过竞争影响抑郁的中介过程的前半段路径。本研究以宿舍人际关系和宿舍冲突应对方式为切入点考察它们对抑郁的影响机制,这为预防和干预大学生抑郁提供了新的视角。