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61.
产前诊断中的伦理学问题 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
孔祥金 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(6):16-17
药价虚高已成为影响广大人民群众切身利益的突出的社会问题。国家有关部门通过政府行政手段进行了多次药品降价行动,但效果并不明显,"药价虚高"的现状并未得到根本扭转。影响药价虚高的因素归纳起来,就是医疗卫生体制因素和市场流通机制因素,从药品市场角度探讨药价虚高现象的成因和解决途径。 相似文献
62.
Two experiments were conducted to assess whether total response output and total consumption would be similar when drugs are available from single and multiple sources of reinforcement, as predicted by behavioral economics. In Experiment 1, cigarette-deprived smokers were exposed to a concurrent-chains schedule in which equal fixed-ratio schedules served as the initial links, and different reinforcer magnitudes (i.e., number of cigarette puffs) were arranged across alternatives. After the session, obtained unit price was calculated and imposed in the next session when a different number of puffs was available according to a single fixed-ratio schedule. Thus, the unit price at which cigarette puffs could be earned was yoked within subjects across the single and concurrent-chains schedules. When plotted as a function of unit price, similar consumption and response rates were usually obtained across these schedules. Experiment 2 addressed a weakness of Experiment 1, namely, that responding was allocated exclusively to the larger reinforcer magnitude in concurrent-chains conditions, and therefore this schedule may have functioned as a single schedule. In Experiment 2, subjects were instructed to alternate responding between the two alternative schedules. Instructions produced approximately equal response allocation between the two alternatives. Again, similar consumption and response rates were observed across the single and instructed concurrent-chains schedules. These findings are discussed in the context of direct effects and behavioral economics perspectives of drug self-administration. 相似文献
63.
采用问卷与实验相结合的方法,以112名大学生为被试,考察价格框架对不同认知闭合需要者在线购物时对动态定价策略下的价格感知与购买意愿的影响。结果发现：（1）相比非动态价格,动态价格条件下消费者感知价格公平感、购买意愿都较低;（2）在打折框架下,高认知闭合需要者对采取动态价格在线购物网站的感知信任显著好于非动态价格,而低认知闭合需要者则相反,说明消费者的价格感知受这三个变量的综合影响;（3）在降价框架下,认知闭合需要与动态价格的交互作用不显著,意味着在线消费者的购买意愿可能受到更多其它因素制约。 相似文献