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151.
自尊、归因方式与内疚和羞耻的关系研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对1040名中学生施测问卷,建立自尊、归因方式与内疚和羞耻的结构方程模型。结果表明:1)自尊与内疚和羞耻呈显著正相关,归因方式与内疚或羞耻呈显著负相关;2)自尊是归因方式与内疚和羞耻之间的中介变量,归因方式对自尊的直接作用大于对内疚和羞耻的直接作用,对内疚和羞耻的间接作用大于直接作用;3)个体对内疚事件更倾向于内归因,对羞耻事件更倾向于外归因。 相似文献
152.
Shih SI 《Cognitive psychology》2008,56(3):210-236
An attention cascade model is proposed to account for attentional blinks in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of stimuli. Data were collected using single characters in a single RSVP stream at 10Hz [Shih, S., & Reeves, A. (2007). Attentional capture in rapid serial visual presentation. Spatial Vision, 20(4), 301-315], and single words, in both single and dual RSVP streams at 19Hz [Potter, M. C., Staub, A., & O'Connor, D. H. (2002). The time course of competition for attention: Attention is initially labile. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28(5), 1149-1162]. The model adopts similar architecture of the cognitive accounts of attentional blinks and employs computational details from theories of attention gating. The model has elaborated working memory and attention control mechanism. Both bottom-up and top-down salience are explicit in the model. Quantitative fits are good and the model parameters have plausible values. The model handles stimulus competition, lag 1 sparing, intrusion errors, and magnitude of the dip; it also accounts for commonly observed effects such as stimulus similarities (local and global), target+1 blank, and stimulus salience. 相似文献
153.
Kristina Coop Gordon Jennifer A. Christman 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2008,38(3):129-138
The majority of the empirically validated interventions for relational distress focus primarily upon improving behavioral
functioning, particularly couples’ communication patterns in conflict situations. However, although communication is highly
predictive of relationship distress and later divorce, research on the effectiveness of premarital and marital interventions
based on communication training has shown limited results. Therefore, although the skills-based approaches can be effective
in treating relational discord and instability, they also often neglect another potentially powerful mechanism in the development
of relational distress: the social cognitions and/or schemata regarding relationships that individuals carry into their marriages
that stem from negative attachment experiences. Thus, this article describes how blending information gleaned from attachment
style research with the body of literature addressing social information processing can enhance current methods for the treatment
of relational discord. The existing research on adult romantic attachment styles is placed within a social-cognitive information
processing framework and a case study demonstrating the utility of this approach with difficult couples is described. 相似文献
154.
Shira Gabriel Mauricio Carvallo Brooke Tippin 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2008,44(2):330-343
The current research proposes that thinking about friends improves feelings about the self and does so differentially depending on avoidance of intimacy. Based on previous findings that individuals who avoid intimacy in relationships (avoidant individuals) contrast their self-concepts with primed friends whereas those who pursue intimacy in relationships (non-avoidant individuals) assimilate their self-concepts to primed friends [Gabriel, S., Carvallo, M., Dean, K., Tippin, B. D., & Renaud, J. (2005). How I see “Me” depends on how I see “We”: The role of avoidance of intimacy in social comparison. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 156-157], we predicted that friends who embody negative aspects of self would lead avoidant individuals to like themselves more, whereas friends who embody positive aspects of self would lead non-avoidant individuals to like themselves more. A pretest determined that good friends were seen as more similar to positive and ideal aspects of the self, whereas friends about whom participants had more mixed feelings (ambivalent friends) were seen as more similar to disliked and feared aspects of the self. Four experiments supported the main hypotheses. In Experiment 1, non-avoidant individuals like themselves more when good friends were primed. In Experiment 2, avoidant individuals like themselves more when ambivalent friends were primed. In Experiment 3, non-avoidant individuals liked themselves better after thinking about a friend’s positive traits, whereas avoidant individuals liked themselves better after thinking about a friend’s negative traits. In Experiment 4, all individuals under self-esteem threat strategically brought friends to mind who would help them like themselves more. 相似文献
155.
采用问卷法对264名高中生进行调查,探讨了父母教养方式、身体自我认知对高中生性别角色发展的影响作用。结果发现:(1)从总体上,男生比女生更多地呈现出双性化发展的趋势;(2)母亲干涉保护,身体自我的力量、体育活动和自尊对男生的男性气质影响显著,而母亲温暖理解和身体自我的灵活对男生的女性气质影响显著;(3)身体自我的自尊会促进女生的男性气质特点,身体自我的力量对女生的女性气质有负向作用,身体自我的外表对女生的女性气质有正向影响。 相似文献
156.
多参照系条件下信息获取方式对绝对方位判断的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
把参照系整合基础上的绝对方位判断分解成路径获取过程(目标位置信息)、自身定向过程(前行方向信息)和物体定位过程(目标物体相对于参照物体的方位信息),系统地考察了多参照系条件下信息获取方式对该任务的影响。研究以视觉形式呈现空间信息,实验1a和1b的任务中均包括上述三个过程,前者以地图的形式呈现前行方向信息、后者以语词的形式直接呈现前行方向信息;实验2有两个任务,分别独立于路径描述(定位后判断)和自身定位(定向后判断)。所有任务均为目标位置(R0o-前、R45o-左前/右前、R90o-左/右、R135o-左后/右后, R180o-后)×前行方向(北、东南西、斜方向)的组内设计、因变量为正确率和判断时间为主,共有64名大学生被试(男女各半)参与实验。发现:0o和180o位置优势效应、朝北优势效应在所有任务中都很明显;实验1和定向后判断任务中存在正方向R90o位置优势效实;定位后判断时间短于定向后判断时间,但总体所用时间上没有差异。结合信息获取的方式和可能使用到的判断策略,从绝对方位判断的认知结构上展开了讨论。 相似文献
157.
Epicurus was a philosopher who lived in Greece in the 3rd century B.C. Like his contemporaries, he was much concerned with
the question of how to live a good life. In his view the Chief Good is to decrease pain and increase pleasure. Though Epicurus
is reputed for advocating the pursuit of refined sensorial pleasures, he recognized the need for deferring gratification or
enduring pain. He advised his followers to lead a modest and contemplative life in friendly communities. His advice can be
characterized as ‘serene hedonism’. This paper explains that position and considers its applicability for the present day.
It concludes that Epicureanism was quite accurate in describing the conditions of happiness and that he offered valuable guidelines
in dealing with hardship and difficult emotional content. His ideas that happiness is the same as the absence of pain and
that one should withdraw from society are less fortunate. It made him assume that happiness automatically follows if one is
in the right state of mind, and that there is no need to actively seek interaction with the environment for the betterment
of the circumstances of life. However, Epicurus’ advice might have been a good option for his contemporaries given the societal
turmoil in his times.
相似文献
Aart C. LiefbroerEmail: |
158.
Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are three main classic Chinese philosophy schools, which all deal with the question of how
one should live. In this paper, we first review these ancient recommendations and next consider whether they promise a happy
life in present-day society. Recommended behaviours found in the ancient texts are compared with conditions for happiness
as observed in present-day empirical investigations. Classic Confucianism appears to offer the most apt advice for finding
happiness in present-day society, in particular because it recommends that one should be involved in real life. Classic Taoist
advice is second best: its strong point is that it advises us against too much social conformism and bookishness. The advice
given by classic Buddhists is better not followed in modern society. 相似文献
159.
Xinzhong Yao 《Dao》2008,7(4):393-406
Since the publication of his book on Zhongyong (Tu 1976), Tu Weiming has worked for more than 30 years on an anthropocosmic reconstruction of the Confucian universe, in which self-transformation
is defined both as the starting point and as the necessary vehicle for one’s spiritual journey. This article is primarily
intended to examine Tu’s attempts to reconstruct Confucian spirituality but further to take a step forward to argue that in
the spiritual world as construed by Confucius and Mencius, the experiential functions as transcendental by which the self
initiates and empowers the transformative process. Through exploring the spiritual significance of Confucian experiences,
this essay will conclude that although “transcendental experience” is only one of many dimensions in other religious or intellectual
traditions, it is the most important path for Confucians by which the self is enabled to become fully integrated with ultimate reality. 相似文献
160.
辩证思维降低攻击性倾向 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
辩证思维是一套根据变化原则、矛盾原理和整体论原理看待世界的思维模式。本研究从思维模式对攻击性影响的角度出发, 采用相关研究及启动范式探讨辩证思维对攻击性的影响。研究一是一个相关研究, 结果显示, 辩证思维与攻击性呈显著负相关。在研究二和研究三中, 操纵了辩证思维。在研究二中, 在启动被试的辩证思维后, 与控制组相比, 他们的攻击性行为倾向显著降低。在研究三中, 对控制组的指导语进行了修改并且增加了启动效应检查程序, 也获得了与研究二类似的结果, 即实验组被试的辩证思维量表得分显著提高, 而攻击性量表得分和攻击性行为倾向显著降低。通过中介效应分析, 也发现启动操作对攻击性的影响是通过增加辩证思维程度实现的。以上系列研究表明, 辩证思维可以降低攻击性行为倾向。 相似文献