全文获取类型
收费全文 | 655篇 |
免费 | 157篇 |
国内免费 | 70篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 19篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 21篇 |
2020年 | 41篇 |
2019年 | 39篇 |
2018年 | 33篇 |
2017年 | 40篇 |
2016年 | 39篇 |
2015年 | 30篇 |
2014年 | 42篇 |
2013年 | 82篇 |
2012年 | 40篇 |
2011年 | 37篇 |
2010年 | 22篇 |
2009年 | 32篇 |
2008年 | 30篇 |
2007年 | 29篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 27篇 |
2004年 | 21篇 |
2003年 | 26篇 |
2002年 | 17篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有882条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
161.
Sarah E. Ritvo Suzanne E. MacDonald 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2020,113(2):419-434
Empirical investigations of humans, pigeons, rats, and monkeys have indicated that these species will select free over forced choice, even when faced with identical outcomes. However, the same has yet to be quantitatively confirmed in nonhuman great apes. This experiment is the first systematic investigation of preference for free or forced choice in great apes using a paradigm in which extraneous variables are highly controlled. Three orangutans were given a choice of one of two virtual routes, one that provided a choice and one that did not via a touchscreen computer program. Choice of either route was rewarded with the same type and quantity of food. Initial results indicated a preference for free choice across all three participants. However, in two control conditions, orangutans' preferences varied, suggesting a weaker tendency to exercise choice than species previously tested. We suggest further investigation of preference for free and forced choice in orangutans and other great apes through alternative experimental paradigms that focus on increasing the fidelity of free and forced choice options. 相似文献
162.
The PARELLA model is a probabilistic parallelogram model that can be used for the measurement of latent attitudes or latent
preferences. The data analyzed are the dichotomous responses of persons to items, with a one (zero) indicating agreement (disagreement)
with the content of the item. The model provides a unidimensional representation of persons and items. The response probabilities
are a function of the distance between person and item: the smaller the distance, the larger the probability that a person
will agree with the content of the item. This paper discusses how the approach to differential item functioning presented
by Thissen, Steinberg, and Wainer can be implemented for the PARELLA model.
Requests for the PARELLA software should be sent to Iec Progamma PO Box 841, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands. 相似文献
163.
164.
Christopher H. Skinner Ph.D. Priscilla A. Fletcher B.S. Mark Wildmon B.S. Phillip J. Belfiore Ph.D. 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1996,6(4):427-436
College students were exposed to a control mathematics assignment containing 16 three-digit by two-digit multiplication (3×2) problems and two experimental assignments that contained 16 equivalent 3×2 problems and six additional interspersed problems. On one experimental assignment, 4-digit plus 4-digit problems (4+4) were interspersed. On the other experimental assignment, 2-digit divided by 1-digit with whole number answers problems (2/1) were interspersed. When given a choice, significantly more students choose the 2/1 assignment over the control and 1+4 assignment. Students also ranked the 2/1 sheet as requiring less time to complete than the control or 4+4 assignment but no differences were found on assignment difficulty rankings between the 4+4 and 2/1 assignments. No differences were found on accuracy levels or rates of responding on the target 3×2 problems across assignments. Results showed that interspersing additional problems that take relatively less time to complete may be more important for altering student preference for assignments than interspersing easier problems. Discussion focuses on schedules of reinforcement and resource efficient procedures for increasing student preference for assignment without compromising curricula integrity. 相似文献
165.
166.
The aim of the work presented here is to investigate the effects of mere-exposure to familiar and unfamiliar stimuli (as primes) on credibility judgement about sentences unrelated to the primes. These target sentences are presented just after the prime. In all, 124 students participated in 3 priming experiments. The nature of the primes (both infraliminary and supraliminary) is different in each experiment: we used public vs. unknown faces, exposed vs. unexposed faces, and objects vs. nonobjects. Primes were presented for 50msec or 400msec. After the presentation of each prime, subjects had to judge the credibility of an assertion; its ambiguity has previously been tested with 100 subjects. The results show that assertions which follow familiar primes (public faces, exposed faces, or objects) are granted more credibility that those which follow unfamiliar primes (unknown faces or nonobjects). This effect is observed especially when presentation time is 50msec. 相似文献
167.
模糊再认(FR)判断—元记忆领域的新方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hart所开创的FOK研究范式表明,在记忆的提取阶段由客体水平的回忆能引起元水平FOK判断,但历来的研究都忽略了由再认也能引起一种元记忆判断,这就是“模糊再认判断”(即FR判断).本文论述了FR判断的概念,特性和研究方法并加以实验验证.FR判断发生在记忆提取阶段,有着与FOK判断同等重要的研究价值和相似的研究方法.FR研究范式给予元记忆研究以新的思想和方法. 相似文献
168.
Gregory P. Hanley Cathleen C. Piazza Wayne W. Fisher 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1997,30(2):229-237
Previous research has demonstrated that destructive behavior may be reduced through noncontingent presentation of attention when attention is identified as the stimulus responsible for behavioral maintenance. Because it may not always be possible to deliver attention in all situations, we examined the extent to which alternative stimuli that have been identified through a choice assessment would substitute for attention (the functional analysis—based reinforcer) in a noncontingent reinforcement procedure. Prior to treatment, functional analyses demonstrated that the destructive behavior of 2 clients with mental retardation was maintained by adult attention. Next, a stimulus choice assessment identified highly preferred tangible items for the 2 clients. Finally, we compared the effectiveness of two noncontingent reinforcement procedures: continuous noncontingent access to attention and continuous noncontingent access to the tangible item identified in the choice assessment. For both clients, these noncontingent reinforcement procedures reduced destructive behavior. The results are discussed in terms of the clinical implications for the treatment of destructive behavior using functional and alternative stimuli. 相似文献
169.
In concurrent-chains schedules, pigeons prefer terminal links that provide two keys correlated with reinforcers (free choice) over those that provide only one key (forced choice), terminal-link reinforcement rates being equal. With same-size keys, free choice provides a larger area available for pecking. Preferences were examined using terminal links that differed in key number only (one or two) or key size only (small and medium or medium and large), or that equated the area of the two free-choice keys with that of the forced-choice key. Medium (standard) keys were typically preferred to small keys, but indifference was typically obtained between medium and large keys. The size preference usually overrode free-choice preference with one medium key pitted against two small keys, but free-choice preference was reliably observed with one large key pitted against two medium keys. In other words, preferences were a joint function of key number and key area, implying that free-choice preference is not reducible to preference for larger key areas. Free-choice preference requires separate keys rather than larger areas; the relevant behavioral units are the discriminated operants correlated with each terminal-link key rather than classes defined by topographical features such as area or perimeter. 相似文献
170.
Robin Panneton Cooper Jane Abraham Sheryl Berman Margaret Staska 《Infant behavior & development》1997,20(4):392
Generally, infants prefer infant-directed (ID) to adult-directed (AD) speech. Mostly, researchers have used unfamiliar female voices in these studies. We investigated preferences for maternal ID speech in 1- and 4-month-olds. Using a procedure in which infants controlled access to voices by fixating a visual display, infants listened to recordings of natural female ID and AD speech. In Experiment 1, 1-month-olds heard recordings of maternal ID and AD speech, but these infants showed no preference for maternal ID speech. In Experiment 2, 1-month-olds heard the same ID and AD speech tapes but were not familiar with the speakers. Contrary to Experiment 1, these infants preferred ID speech. In Experiment 3, 4-month-olds heard recordings of maternal ID and AD speech and showed a significant preference for ID speech. Collectively, these results suggest that infant attention to ID speech depends on both speaker-general and speaker-specific characteristics, with interesting developmental changes occuring during early infancy. 相似文献