绝对音高者对音乐的加工及其神经机制

绝对音高感是一种特殊的音高命名能力。通过论述绝对音高能力与音乐加工的关系,发现绝对音高者具有对音高、音程和旋律的加工优势,但他们对相对音高的加工存在劣势。同时,与非绝对音高者相比,绝对音高者大脑结构和功能都表现出特殊性。未来研究应进一步厘清音乐训练对绝对音高者音乐加工的影响。     

临床专科医生培养模式探讨

毕业后医学教育是医学教育过程中一个非常重要且必不可少的组成部分。我国的医学教育体制中没有完备的毕业后医学教育层次。随着医学模式的转变以及人民大众医疗卫生保健服务需求的急剧变化,这一缺陷的弊端日益凸显。目前在我国医学教育中增加毕业后医学教育的条件已经基本具备。可采取多种途径实施该层次教育。     

志愿者安宁疗护知信行及培训需求调查研究

通过“志愿者安宁疗护知信行和培训需求测量量表”,抽样调查和比较社会志愿者和大学生志愿者对安宁疗护的知信行和培训需求状况。发现志愿者对安宁疗护知识的总体掌握较好,但实践参与少(仅占22.3%),且行为得分不高[(20.93±4.26)分];态度平均(74.54±8.58)分,其中社会志愿者更积极;志愿者培训需求迫切但资源可及性差,需求最高的是沟通方法和技巧、国内外经验和做法、灵性关怀和身体症状管理。亟需构建专业化的志愿者培训体系,靶向开展多元化的理论和技能培训,引导志愿者积极参与安宁疗护实践,提升团队协作服务能力。     

On the Stability of Psychological Hardiness: A Three-Year Longitudinal Study

More than 30 years of research has established psychological hardiness as an important individual resiliency resource. One important question still remaining is whether psychological hardiness can be trained. The present study explored this question longitudinally within the context of a 3-year military academy training program. Cadets from 3 different Norwegian military academies (N = 293) completed hardiness questionnaires during the first week of their training, and then again at the end of each year, resulting in a total of 4 waves of data. Using hierarchical linear modeling, no statistically significant effect of time on hardiness scores was found. The nonsignificant growth parameter was examined further using Bayesian statistics as an indicator of the relative evidence for the null hypothesis of no change over time versus the alternative hypothesis of change. The resulting Bayes factor provided substantial support in our data for the null hypothesis of no hardiness development during the 3-year officer training programs.     

Addiction‐Specific CACREP Standards in Clinical Mental Health Counseling Programs: How Are They Met?

In 2009, the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) included training standards specific to addiction for clinical mental health counseling programs. This study surveyed CACREP‐accredited program coordinators to determine how addiction‐specific standards were addressed.     

RECENT TRENDS IN RESPONSE TO CHILD VICTIMIZATION

Abstract

This chapter serves as an introduction to the many roles of health care professionalsin the assessment, care, and treatment of child victimization. It concentrates on those professionals caring for the physical health of victims of child abuse and neglect, although there are many similarities between child maltreatment and other family violence victims. In reviewing the health impact of maltreatment and the historical contributions of health care professionals, it discusses the roles that health care disciplines play in clinical care, training, research, and advocacy and their interaction with the community's child welfare, legal, and criminal justice systems.     

Training Therapists to Treat the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism

Abstract

In the wake of 9/11, the mental health community began to develop a model for recovery and preparedness. A public information campaign regarding the psychological consequences of terrorism was launched, and it succeeded in reducing the stigma of utilizing mental health services. However, as this campaign began to succeed, it became clear that most clinicians in the community had little training in evidence-based assessment and treatment procedures for the psychological sequelae of terrorism. This article describes the development, delivery, and initial assessment of one attempt to correct this problem by broadly disseminating an effective treatment for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Using models of behavior change, we were able to study trainee attitudes and the training process in ways that will help improve training effectiveness beyond what traditional Continuing Professional Education (CPE) has been able to do.     

The Value of Children to Hong Kong Chinese Parents

Married adults (N = 720) between 30 and 60 years old responded to the 12-item Chinese Value of Children Scale (Shek, Lam, Tsoi, & Lam, 1993). Although the respondents generally agreed that children contribute to parents' own personal growth, spousal relations, family happiness, and family wholeness, a majority also perceived that parenthood was associated with increased financial burden and personal sacrifice. In contrast to the heavy emphases on the traditional Chinese values of security and posterity, these Hong Kong Chinese parents did not seem to emphasize such values strongly. Results also showed that the Chinese fathers tended to perceive parenthood as more positive and less burdensome than the Chinese mothers did.     

The Dimensionality of Locus of Control Among French Students

To learn more about the dimensionality of locus of control, I developed a new internal-external (I-E) scale for French students. Four criteria were used for the construction of the scale: causal explanation and orientation of behavioral outcomes, situational contents, and control ideology. Questionnaires were administered to 200 male and female undergraduates in psychology. A principal-components analysis and a nonmetric multidimensional scaling were used. The hypothesis of the unidimensionality of locus of control was confirmed.     

Using Dual Tasks to Test Immediate Transfer of Training Between Naturalistic Movements: A Proof-of-Principle Study

Theories of motor learning predict that training a movement reduces the amount of attention needed for its performance (i.e., more automatic). If training one movement transfers, then the amount of attention needed for performing a second movement should also be reduced, as measured under dual task conditions. The authors’ purpose was to test whether dual task paradigms are feasible for detecting transfer of training between two naturalistic movements. Immediately following motor training, subjects improved performance of a second untrained movement under single and dual task conditions. Subjects with no training did not. Improved performance in the untrained movement was likely due to transfer, and suggests that dual tasks may be feasible for detecting transfer between naturalistic actions.