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251.
Romualdo Romanowski Jair Rodrigues Escobar Rudyard Emerson Sordi 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2003,84(3):533-545
The authors propose that the process of psychic change involves the ‘working through’ of mourning for the loss of ‘theories of life’ that are based on narcissistic omnipotent beliefs. These theories need to be changed by other more realistic ones regarding how to resolve the inherent and natural problems of existence. Questioning the ‘truth’ of these theories of life, as well as the acquisition of the perception of the existence of time, makes up part of the process referred to, and this applies to the analyst in a certain way as much as to the patient. Such problems are lived, re‐edited and revised in the transference/countertransference relationship. The authors present a clinical illustration. They explore the concepts of symmetry, asymmetry, homogenization and differentiation in MatteBlanco's bi‐logical theory and propose that these are important to the comprehension of the dynamic of the psychic changes which occur in a non‐static analytic process. 相似文献
252.
LUIS CLAUDIO FIGUEIREDO 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2004,85(6):1439-1453
A case of hysteria is presented in order to create a frame of reference for the author's approach to the concepts of hope, belief and faith. A difference between hope as a 'sad passion' (which is here called regressive hope) and hope as a principle of mental functioning is established. The concept of hope will at fi rst always be based on beliefs-either beliefs organised in the paranoid-schizoid position (called here fragmented and delusional beliefs)-or those organised from the depressive position (complex systems of beliefs, which end up being dogmatic); the latter typically occur in neurotics. It is suggested here that there is another possibility for hope, which is based on faith. The meaning of faith is considered here externally to the religious sense. The solid establishment of hope as a principle-based on faith-can be viewed as responsible for the opening up of creative potentials and as one of the main aims of analysis. Such an aim, however, requires the establishment of a deep relationship, both in theory and in clinical practice, between the Kleinian question of the depressive position and the Freudian question of the Oedipus complex. 相似文献
253.
254.
Criminal attitudes to violence: Development and preliminary validation of a scale for male prisoners
Two studies report on the development and preliminary psychometric properties of a new scale measuring criminal attitudes to violence. In Study 1, the responses of a mixed sample of male prisoners were used to select 20 scale items from a larger pool. The final scale (the Criminal Attitudes to Violence Scale; CAVS) was designed so that it had a single‐factor structure and was uncorrelated with a measure of social desirability bias. It demonstrated high internal reliability, and a strong relationship to a self‐report measure of physical aggression. Significant differences were found in CAVS mean scores for various offence history comparisons, such as whether or not the offender was currently on sentence for a violent conviction. In the second study, most results from the first study were replicated with an independent sample of male prisoners. Further, compared to another scale measuring attitudes to aggression [the EXPAGG Instrumental subscale; Archer and Haigh, 1997b], the CAVS was a better predictor of general attitudes to crime. Mean CAVS scores were again significantly higher for current violent offenders than those on sentence for other types of offences. Lastly, the CAVS was moderately predictive of estimated risk of reconviction and re‐imprisonment. Overall these results suggest that this scale measures the construct of attitudes to criminal violence, which partially overlaps two other constructs: attitudes to aggression and attitudes to crime. Aggr. Behav. 30:484–503, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
255.
Irrational Beliefs and the Experience and Expression of Anger 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
Ryan C. Martin Eric R. Dahlen 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2004,22(1):3-20
The present study assessed rational-emotive theories of anger by examining the interrelationships of irrational beliefs and the experience and expression of anger. An audiotaped anger-provoking scenario was used to determine whether irrational beliefs predicted state anger and hostile thoughts following provocation. After completing measures of irrational beliefs, trait anger, and anger expression and control, 161 college students were exposed to the provoking stimulus, which was followed by measures of state anger and hostile thoughts. Findings showed both low frustration tolerance and awfulizing were related to trait anger, anger suppression, and outward anger expression. Only low frustration tolerance was related to state anger following provocation. However, awfulizing was associated with all hostile thoughts, and both self-directed shoulds and self-worth were associated with derogatory thoughts about others. Only awfulizing had incremental validity over trait anger, and then, only in the prediction of derogatory thoughts. 相似文献
256.
当代民众信仰状况与社会安定意识相关研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
信仰是个人深层的、稳定的行为导向体系,是人的精神世界的核心。本研究根据信仰的内容,将信仰划分为物质信仰、精神信仰、伦理信仰、国家社会信仰和宗教神灵信仰。从天津市选取不同职业、不同年龄段的被试745名,对他们的信仰状况与社会安定意识状况进行调查研究,结果表明:民众的社会安定意识与其物质、宗教神灵信仰有非常显著的负相关,与其精神、国家社会信仰有非常显著的正相关。多元回归分析结果表明:影响社会安定意识的因素为保障制度不健全、对挫折的不良反应、社会治安状况差、官员腐败、分配不公、责任外归因。 相似文献
257.
This study contributes to the literature on gender differences (and similarities) in relationship beliefs by comparing men and women on several relationship beliefs, by comparing men and women from two different cultures (North America and China), and also by examining gender differences in more than 1 subculture within the American sample. In the American sample (n = 693; 73.3% White, 11.7% Black, 8.5% Hispanic/Latino; 80% of middle or higher social class), men, as compared to women, were more willing to marry without love, scored higher on the idealization component of a romanticism scale, were more ludic and agapic but less erotic and pragmatic in their love styles, and were less likely to view emotional satisfaction as important to the maintenance of marriage. Although men were also more agapic than women in the Chinese sample (n = 735; Asian ethnicity), the other gender differences found in the Chinese sample were different from those found in the North American sample: Chinese men were more romantic (particularly in the belief that love can overcome any obstacle) and storgic than Chinese women, but less likely to believe in destiny or fate concerning love. Chinese men were also more likely than Chinese women to view physical pleasure as important for maintaining marriage. Overall, culture explained more variance than did gender in love beliefs. In general, the Chinese had both a more idealistic and a more practical approach to love than did the Americans. Gender differences and similarities did not vary across subcultures within the American culture, although main effects for race/ethnicity and social class were found for a few relationship beliefs. 相似文献
258.
Laura Sciacchitano Helen Lindner James McCracken 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2009,27(1):23-50
The aim of the current study was to investigate the factors of secondary beliefs and illness representations, and their relationship
with particular coping strategies used in the management of arthritis, and more specifically, if secondary beliefs, as defined
in Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), mediated the relationship between illness representations and coping, as outlined
by the Self-Regulatory Model (SRM). A sample of 63 arthritis sufferers aged between 32.0 and 100.1 years was recruited. Participants
were asked to complete three questionnaires: Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WOCQ); revised Illness Perception Questionnaire
(IPQ-R); Secondary Beliefs Scale (SBS). Analyses revealed that all eight coping strategies measured were significantly related
to one or more illness representation, lending support to the SRM. Furthermore, secondary beliefs were found to mediate the
relationship between illness representations and coping for three of the strategies measured: confrontive coping, accepting
responsibility and seeking social support, while they also appeared to be directly related to the escape-avoidance strategy.
Therefore, support for the REBT model was also evidenced. Overall, these results have highlighted the importance of cognitive
factors in influencing coping behavior, a finding that could prove useful when designing interventions aiming to promote beneficial
coping in arthritis sufferers. 相似文献
259.
W. M. Alex McIntosh Sarah Schulz Wesley Dean Morgan H. Scott Kerry S. Barling Isao Takei 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2009,19(1):51-67
This cross‐sectional survey research study examined the role moral beliefs play in predicting behavioural beliefs and attitudes and the role that subjective norms play in predicting moral beliefs. Using a self‐administered questionnaire, one hundred and three feedlot veterinarians completed measures of behavioural beliefs, referent others, perceived constraints and moral beliefs regarding recommendations to use antimicrobials in four situations (i.e. acutely sick cattle, chronically sick cattle, at‐risk cattle and high‐risk cattle). Regression analysis and F‐tests indicate moral beliefs as contributing significant increases in R2 to models predicting behavioural beliefs regarding antimicrobial use in each situation. In addition, subjective norms contribute a significant increase in R2 in models predicting moral beliefs in each of the four situations. The results indicate the effects of moral beliefs on behavioural beliefs are somewhat contingent on the condition; that is the level of risk associated with treating cattle with antimicrobials, the level of risk of not doing so, and the effectiveness of the antimicrobial in situations such as acute illness or being at‐risk of illness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
260.
Jungmeen Kim John R. Nesselroade Michael E. McCullough 《Journal of Adult Development》2009,16(2):87-100
Intraindividual patterns of time-lagged relationships among self-reports of worldviews/religious beliefs, self-concept, and
physical and psychological well-being were investigated. Participants were older adults (mean age = 77 years) who were measured
weekly covering a total of 25 weeks. Dynamic Factor Models were fitted to multivariate repeated measures data pooled over
subsets of participants. The results showed significant time-lagged cross-factor relationships suggesting that worldviews/religious
beliefs had a significant direct effect on self-concept and physical health over 2 weeks. For each factor series, there were
substantial autoregressive effects indicating persisting effects of factors on themselves over 1 or 2 weeks. A link between
worldviews/religious beliefs and physical health was found in the time-lagged structure of within-person variability. The
findings underscore the need to study both intraindividual change and interindividual differences in intraindividual variability
to obtain a better understanding of behavior and behavioral development.
相似文献
Jungmeen KimEmail: |