诚信如何可能——儒家诚说的意蕴

诚信缺失是目前中国社会生活中的严重问题之一。信赖社会的构建有赖于充分挖掘和吸收中国传统伦理道德学说中的诚信思想资源。怎样才能成为一个诚信的主体 ?这是传统儒家诚信理论的重心所在。而诚信主体的确立又主要表现在是否“诚意”之上。欲使主体的“意诚” ,就必须通过“存养”和“省察”工夫来使人性中的“诚性”呈现与挺立起来。因而从本质上说 ,儒家的诚信论是一种道德修养论。     

生态伦理视野中的儒道思想

儒道二家提出的生态伦理思想构成了传统伦理生态文明观的核心,他们在生态环境问题上表现出的智慧和远见卓识,直至今日令我们赞叹不已。这些深邃的思考既展现了圣人先哲独特的生存智慧,又为我们提供了应对现代生态挑战可资借鉴的思想资源。只要我们充分利用儒道传统生态伦理观的优势和长处,并及时赋予新的时代内容,对实现人类与自然的和谐相处、建立现代生态文明是大有裨益的。     

THE WAY, THE RIGHT, AND THE GOOD

This article argues that Kongzi's religious ethics suggests an alternative way of understanding the relationship between the right and the good, in which neither takes clear precedence in terms of being more foundational for ethics. The religious underpinnings of Kongzi's understanding of the Way are examined, including the close relationship between tian ("Heaven") and the Way. It is shown that following the Way is defined primarily by the extent to which one's actions express certain virtues, and not whether one's actions are conducive to the best overall outcome or whether they are inherently right irrespective of consequences. It is then argued that the Way is seen as constitutive of both the right and the good, and that this understanding of the right and the good has important implications for contemporary virtue ethics, religious ethics, and political philosophy.     

直感判断力:理解儒学的心之能力

Mou Zongsan incorrectly uses Kant’s practical reason to interpret Confucianism. The saying that “what is it that we have in common in our minds? It is the li 理 (principles) and the yi 义 (righteousness)” reveals how Mencius explains the origin of li and yi through a theory of common sense. In “the li and the yi please our minds, just as the flesh of beef and mutton and pork please our mouths,” “please” is used twice, proving aesthetic judgment is necessary to understanding Mencius. An analysis of Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming’s ideas will show that Confucianism should be interpreted by appealing to aesthetic judgment, and a discussion of Kant’s theory of judgment and Gadamer’s critique of Kant’s theory will support the same point. The conclusion is that Chinese moral philosophy should be interpreted through aesthetic judgment.     

儒学对道德本体的探寻及其评价

儒学将伦理学与哲学相结合 ,探讨道德的本体、本原问题 ,试图为伦理道德提供一个本体论或形而上学的基础。如何评价儒学的这一探讨是一个值得重视的问题。     

先秦儒家"和为贵"的政治伦理追求

“和为贵”是先秦儒家政治伦理思想的核心理念和本质特征。重视“人和”的社会管理思想．强调“民为邦本”的和谐社会基础,提倡“修己安人”的“和”政治伦理要求,构成了先秦儒家“和为贵”的政治伦理内涵。吸取其合理养分,对于我们今天构建社会主义和谐社会仍具有一定的借鉴作用。     

Towards a Confucian Virtue Bioethics: Reframing Chinese Medical Ethics in a Market Economy

This essay addresses a moral and cultural challenge facing health care in the People’s Republic of China: the need to create an understanding of medical professionalism that recognizes the new economic realities of China and that can maintain the integrity of the medical profession. It examines the rich Confucian resources for bioethics and health care policy by focusing on the Confucian tradition’s account of how virtue and human flourishing are compatible with the pursuit of profit. It offers the Confucian account of the division of labor and the financial inequalities this produces with special attention to China’s socialist project of creating the profession of barefoot doctors as egalitarian peasant physicians and why this project failed. It then further develops the Confucian acknowledgement of the unequal value of different services and products and how this conflicts with the current system of payment to physicians which has led to the corruption of medical professionalism through illegal supplementary payments. It further gives an account the oblique intentionality of Confucian moral psychology that shows how virtuous persons can pursue benevolent actions while both foreseeing profit and avoiding defining their character by greed. This account of Confucian virtue offers the basis for a medical professionalism that can function morally within a robustly profit-oriented market economy. The paper concludes with a summary of the characteristics of Confucian medical professionalism and of how it places the profit motive within its account of virtue ethics.     

《逸周书·宝典篇》与儒家思想

《逸周书》对于考察孔子和早期儒家学说的形成有重要作用,《宝典》篇中便能够清晰地看到早期儒学的影子。其中关于“仁”的内容,对孔子“仁”的思想的形成有一定影响;所述“四位”、“九德”、“三信”的内容与儒家的修身思想关系极其密切;“十奸”、“十散”涉及择人、敬谋问题,与早期儒家和孔子亦有一定关联。结合前人研究成果,参照出土文献等资料分析,《逸周书》的《宝典》篇应是可靠的周初文献。     

论先秦法家的人性理论与领导心理思想

先秦法家对人性认识的基本点是“性本恶”。其思想内容有 :人的需要是推动其行为发展的动力 ,是管理的出发点 ;在追求满足个人欲望的时候 ,人们会违背礼仪和伦常 ;人的欲望是多种多样的 ,而对利益的追求是根本的驱动力和唯一目的 ;人性的善或恶是可以诱导的 ,管理者如何倡导是关键。法家将法、术、势结合起来 ,三位一体 ,形成了法家独有领导心理思想 ,并认为只有善于运用法、术、势的人 ,才可能成为理想的管理者“明君     

苏非主义与明清汉文译著活动

明清以来,穆斯林学者卓有成效的汉文译著活动,成就了中国伊斯兰教思想和实践。在这一活动中,苏非主义也起了相当的作用,苏非来华传教、苏非作品传入中国并在经堂教育中作为课本使用,都对明清穆斯林学者的译著活动产生了一定影响,使他们的译著作品带有苏非主义特征。