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1.
Relation algebras from cylindric and polyadic algebras 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2.
In this paper we address the problem of combining a logic with nonmonotonic modal logic. In particular we study the intuitionistic case. We start from a formal analysis of the notion of intuitionistic consistency via the sequent calculus. The epistemic operator M is interpreted as the consistency operator of intuitionistic logic by introducing intuitionistic stable sets. On the basis of a bimodal structure we also provide a semantics for intuitionistic stable sets. 相似文献
3.
Eerik Lagerspetz 《Argumentation》1995,9(2):363-370
This paper is ultimately about the nature of argumentation in general and about the nature of practical argumentation in particular. (Practical argumentation is the form of argumentation which aims at answering the question: ‘What is to be done?’) The approach adopted here is an indirect one. I analyze one traditional form of argumentive fallacyargumentum ad hominem and try to show that in some argumentative situations it is an intuitively legitimate move. These intuitions can be explained if we accept that practical argumentation is also governed by the general rules of practical rationality. 相似文献
4.
Frederick Ferré 《Zygon》1996,31(1):93-99
Abstract. My comment on Ethics in an Age of Technology, volume 2 of Ian G. Barbour's Gifford Lectures, acknowledges the excellence of Barbour's depictions of the social-cum-technological problems facing humanity in the coming millennium. Barbour's proposed solutions, too, are reasonable—but usually presuppose fundamental reforms in social values, especially within the powerful industrialized societies. Without further analysis of technology and values, this seems to make such solutions “impossible dreams.” My thesis is that clear analysis of the ideal aspects of technology (as itself the embodiment of knowledge and values), plus clues from Alfred North Whitehead on the dynamics of social change, can reinforce hope even in “impossible” dreams. First, technology, though embodied in solid material machinery and powerful social institutions, is no more “solid” than constant reaffirmation of the values behind it (as was the case with the Berlin Wall). Second, great ideals, over time, have the power to help create the conditions of their own possibility. Social change is both “pushed” by coercive forces (e.g., climate changes) and “pulled” by great values (e.g., human dignity). Therefore there are practical benefits to be gained from attending to, and celebrating, even currently “impossible” dreams as they work to make themselves possible. 相似文献
5.
人与人的和谐是和谐社会的“底线要求”,人与社会的和谐是和谐社会的核心所在,而人与自然的和谐是和谐社会的基本前提。人与自然和谐集中体现为环境公正。它首先是指人与自然物种之间的种际公正,具体体现为两个维度的公正:在空间维度上,要促进国际公正、族际公正、域际公正、群际公正;在时间维度上具有代际公正意识。 相似文献
6.
Petr Hájek 《Studia Logica》2002,71(2):149-164
7.
Cranor CF 《Science and engineering ethics》2001,7(3):313-326
Environmentalists have advocated the Precautionary Principle (PP) to help guide public and private decisions about the environment.
By contrast, industry and its spokesmen have opposed this. There is not one principle, but many that have been recommended
for this purpose. Despite the attractiveness of a core idea in all versions of the principle—that decision-makers should take
some precautionary steps to ensure that threats of serious and irreversible damage to the environment and public health do
not materialize into harm—even one of the most widely endorsed principles needs considerable specification and refinement
before it can be used. Moreover, the PP is an approach or guide to utilizing scientific evidence in social or legal decision-making
contexts. In this it does not differ in kind from other approaches to using factual information such as in the law. The law
provides some models for different strategies to guide decision-making under uncertainty when factual issues cannot be resolved
with certainty. These in turn can help guide the formulation of different versions of PP and help clarify some presuppositions
of the principle. Once some plausible versions of PP are articulated, I suggest some applications to existing environmental
problems. 相似文献
8.
The logic of proofs was introduced by Artemov in order to analize the formalization of the concept of proof rather than the concept of provability. In this context, some operations on proofs play a very important role. In this paper, we investigate some very natural operations, paying attention not only to positive information, but also to negative information (i.e. information saying that something cannot be a proof). We give a formalization for a fragment of such a logic of proofs, and we prove that our fragment is complete and decidable. 相似文献
9.
Henry W. Johnstone Jr. 《Argumentation》1994,8(3):291-293
InMetaphysics , Ch. 4, Aristotle speaks of both infinite regress and question-begging, but does not explicitly relate them. We get the impression that he thinks that to use one of these arguments to avoid the other is to jump from the frying-pan into the fire. This relationship is illustrated in terms of the ignorant belief that everything can be proved, and of attempts to prove the Law of Noncontradiction. 相似文献
10.
David Jenkins 《Ratio》2020,33(2):87-96
Recent philosophical work on the relation between reasoning and bodily action is dominated by two views. It is orthodox to have it that bodily actions can be at most causally involved in reasoning. Others have it that reasoning can constitutively involve bodily actions, where this is understood as a matter of non-mental bodily events featuring as constituents of practical reasoning. Reflection on cases of reasoning out-loud suggests a neglected alternative on which both practical and theoretical reasoning can have bodily actions as constituents, where such bodily actions themselves amount to contentful mental events. Furthermore, the natural lines of resistance to this view trade on type-token errors, or on a questionable common-factor assumption. 相似文献