Para un análisis gnoseológico de la psicología cognitiva

RESUMEN

La psicología cognitiva es, sin duda, el nombre de una de las corrientes más vigorosas de la psicología contemporánea. El presente trabajo pretende introducir en la polémica algunos conceptos gnoseológicos tomados de la Teoría del Cierre Categorial que puedan contribuir al análisis del significado (no solo histórico) de la psicología cognitiva. La Teoría del Cierre Categorial prefiere atenerse en el análisis de las ciencias en curso, a los procedimientos efectivos de ellas más que a las declaraciones de intenciones, a los prólogos metodológicos de sus cultivadores. Así este artículo se limita a analizar muy brevemente dos procedimientos usados normalmente por los psicólogos cognitivos: La utilización del “modelos computadora” y la utilización de ciertos modelos boolianos algebraicos en el análisis de la mente o de la conciencia cognitiva.     

Procesamiento de palabras ambiguas y no ambiguas empleando dos índices de activación y tiempos de reacción

Resumen

El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar el efecto de la ambigüedad léxica en el procesamiento de frases a través de la activación, empleando dos índices psicofisiológicos, conductancia y tasa cardíaca, y tiempos de reacción.

Tratamos de comprobar los efectos del predominio de un significado sobre el otro en palabras ambiguas en relación a la frecuencia del uso, en un contexto neutro.

Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias significativas entre los dos significados en las variables dependientes. Por tanto, se comprueba la hipótesis de Simpson del modelo independiente del contexto.     

Influence of Efficacy and Resilience on Problem Solving in the United States,Taiwan, and China

This study explores factors that influence problem‐solving coping style across cultures. There was no significant difference in applying problem solving across U.S., Taiwanese, and Chinese samples. The effective predictors of problem solving in the U.S. and Chinese samples were self‐efficacy and trait resilience, respectively. In the Taiwanese sample, predictors were self‐efficacy and trait resilience. Trait resilience was found to mediate the effect of self‐efficacy on problem solving in the Taiwanese and Chinese samples. Practical implications are discussed. Este estudio explora factores que influyen en el estilo de afrontamiento a la resolución de problemas aplicado a distintas culturas. No se halló una diferencia significativa en la aplicación de resolución de problemas entre muestras estadounidenses, taiwaneses y chinas. Los predictores efectivos de la resolución de problemas en las muestras estadounidense y china fueron respectivamente la autoeficacia y los rasgos de resiliencia. En la muestra taiwanesa, los predictores fueron las autoeficacia y los rasgos de resiliencia. Se halló que los rasgos de resiliencia mediaron el efecto de la autoeficacia sobre la resolución de problemas en las muestras taiwanesa y china. Se discuten las implicaciones prácticas.     

Towards a popular queer Mariology: rediscovering the virgin through popular religiosity

ABSTRACT

In the dominant theological production of Mary as holy “Virgin,” theological discourses have ironically hyper-sexualized the Mother of God. This article explores the sexuality of the Virgin, introducing a Popular Queer Mariology. Engaging with Gloria E. Anzaldúa’s treatment of Guadalupe/la Chingada/la Llorona, as well as veneration of Nuestra Señora de la Santa Muerte, this article contends that popular religiosity provides resources for queering the figure of Mary in ways that destabilizes whore/virgin binaries and affirms death, finitude, and the materiality of the body that dominant theological discourses have attempted to negate.     

Systèmes de personnalité au niveau de l'individu : vers une évaluation de l'architecture sociocognitive de la personnalité

This paper addresses conceptual strategies in the assessment of intra-individual personality architecture, including the assessment of those social-cognitive structures and dynamics that contribute to personality coherence. The paper also relates social-cognitive analyses of intra-individual personality architecture to trait-theoretic analyses of inter-individual differences in the population. An overarching theme is that these alternative research traditions should be understood as approaches to different scientific problems. Unlike, for example, the lexical Big Five tradition of personality research, social-cognitive theories are concerned fundamentally with mental structures and dynamics that causally contribute to personality functioning and coherence, and with understanding how these cognitive and affective systems develop and function in interaction with the social environment. As has been explained by Lamiell (2003) and others, inter-individual analyses cannot substitute for the study of intra-individual personality dynamics and dispositions.     

Modélisation pour un environnement multimédia de l'apprentissage individualisé de la lecture

The aim of our research project is to study what contribution the new technologies can bring to teaching and learning. So, we have chosen a pluridiciplinary approach, combining the exploration of computer potentialities with the integration of research studies about the learning application. The application is a tutor module of AMICAL project (Architecture Multi-agent Interactive Compagnon pour l'Apprentissage de la Lecture). The issue is to determine and to explain the knowledge at work in a teaching process. To begin with, we shall explain the different decision-making processes, which characterize the teaching act. In a second part, we shall describe the processes of knowledge determination and modelling.     

Sentence understanding and knowledge of the world: Evidences from a sentence-picture matching task performed by aphasic patients

The abilities of aphasic patients to perform a sentence-picture matching task were investigated on simple declarative reversible sentences. Two factors were found to differentially affect Broca's versus Wernicke's aphasics' performance: sentence plausibility and spatial arrangement. Sentence plausibility, that is to say, the liability of two given nouns in a sentence to act as agent and recipient according to normal subjects' expectancies, had a significant effect on the frequency of correct responses of Broca's aphasics but not on those of Wernicke's. Conversely, the latter were found to be more sensitive to a match or mismatch in the left-to-right spatial arrangement of the grammatical subject and object in a sentence on the one hand, and the order of the corresponding personages in the picture on the other. The results are discussed in terms of “frame selection” and the handling of ordered structure strategies contributing to normal system, but selectively disturbed in the case of brain damage.