多目标追踪中“线索”研究的贡献

多目标追踪范式是探讨动态情景下注意加工过程的成熟技术,其对不同阶段注意线索加工与利用的分析,对深入了解注意的动态信息加工过程具有重要意义。从注意线索的视角述评呈现阶段的内源性线索与外源性线索以及追踪阶段的目标数量动态变化和轨迹线索的研究成果及限制因素,提出多目标线索研究是客体档案理论与视觉索引理论之争的关键。虽然多目标追踪范式为内源性线索、外源性线索的提取与策略等研究提供很多便利,但目前该范式在线索的认知资源分配和加工策略上仍有研究留白,尚需进一步探索。     

A four‐disc version of the Tower of London for clinical use

Three studies are reported on the development of a four‐disc version of the Tower of London test of planning ability. The first (n = 138) involved the selection of items based on rational and empirical criteria to provide a short test of graded difficulty suitable for use with children and clinical populations. The second study (n = 480) checked the properties of the 10‐item test on a new sample and in addition examined the internal consistency and factor structure of the test. The third study (n = 61) examined the test – retest reliability of the test over a period of 1 month. The difficulty level of the test remained relatively stable from sample to sample and was sensitive to linear trend in performance from age 5 years up to 30 years. Total score did not reflect the action of a single underlying construct but rather appeared to index a number of factors. Scores were reasonably stable over the 1‐month period studied, at least for the children's sample employed. The four‐disc version is a promising method of assessing planning in children and adolescents in clinical situations.     

Resilience in developing systems: the promise of integrated approaches

Abstract

This article describes a contemporary systems approach to resilience in human development and its promise for integrating findings and applications across system levels. Resilience is defined as the capacity of a system for successful adaptation to disturbances that threaten system function, viability, or development. Advantages of this definition are delineated in regard to integrating sciences and disciplines across scales and levels of interaction in a bioecological systems framework. Central concepts of resilience, including pathways and cascades, are described in light of this approach, and advances that link system levels are highlighted. Given significant progress toward a more dynamic, integrated, multisystem approach, developmental resilience science stands at new frontier of possibilities that promises to inform science, practice, and policy focused on building human capacity for surviving and thriving in times of turbulence and change.     

Implantologie orale et responsabilité : à propos du choix du dispositif implantaire

Dental implants are medical devices designed to create stable, strong, non-iatrogenic and durable anchors in the maxilla or mandible to which a removable or fixed dental prothesis fits, to replace one or more missing teeth. From the 1970s to 2000, these medical devices experienced changes in shape and materials before a consensus was reached on a type of implant that responded to the standard of care. This raises the question of the medical liability of healthcare professionals who use different implant systems in their practices. The present article proposes to highlight the choice of the dental implant by dental practitioner, its design and the materials used, on the field of the medical liability, through a retrospective study of judicial decisions in France. The “Brånemark-type” endosseous cylindrical-conical screw implant is considered as standard of care in France. The dental surgeon has the possibility to use other types of dental implants when the clinical situation strictly contraindicates the use of cylindrical-conical screw implants. In case of litigation, he must be able to justify his choices.     

Le procès pénal du Mediator® et ses implications concernant les différents ordres de juridiction

The long-awaited judgment issued about the Mediator case by the 31st criminal court of the Tribunal de grande instance de Paris will not be the last one. The public prosecutor, as well as Servier and some of the victims have called for the appeal. Nevertheless, the number of victims reflects the extent of damage caused by this medicine. The complexity of the procedure highlights the specificities of the civil and administrative jurisdictions, as well as the transactional process. The purpose is to study the main points related to this articulation.     

Le contentieux de la régularité externe des décisions rendues par les juridictions ordinales des médecins

In the event of irregular composition of the ordinal jurisdiction or omission of certain compulsory particulars in the decision rendered, the parties may challenge the external regularity of the decision. The pleas based on the contested decisions are formal and procedural defects. If successful, these means result in the annulment of the decision ordering the doctor to be disciplined. These means constitute a separated legal cause and can only be invoked within the time limit for appeal, unless they are of public order.     

Solidification thermal parameters,microstructural evolution and dendritic growth in an AlCuNi alloy

ABSTRACT

Unsteady-state upward solidification experiment was carried out with the Al-3Cu-3Ni (wt.%) alloy. Temperature profiles were obtained through a water-cooled directional solidification device. Analysis on the resulting as-cast microstructure and its adaptation to thermal solidification parameter, such as growth and cooling rates and solidification local time, V_L, T_R and t_SL, respectively, was carried out. The results showed that the resulting microstructure is constituted by an Al-rich primary phase (Al _α ), characterised by a dendritic network, and by second phases that take place within the interdendritic regions, forming a eutectic mixture composed by the β-Al₃Ni?+?θ-Al₂Cu intermetallic compounds (IMCs), whose size and morphology have been affected by V_L and T_R. The length of the microstructural scale of the Al _α phase was measured by the secondary dendritic spacing (λ ₂). The experimental mathematical expression of λ ₂ obtained in this work was compared with mathematical models proposed in the literature that associate t_SL-λ ₂ for non-equilibrium and equilibrium solidification conditions.