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931.
932.
933.
Rebecca Caldwell Catherine Classen Luciana Lagana' Elizabeth McGarvey Lora Baum Susan D. Duenke Cheryl Koopman 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2003,10(3):149-156
This study examined changes in sexual functioning and mood disturbance among women who have been treated for gynecological cancer and who participated in a 12-week group intervention for psychosexual problems. The Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ) assessed the sexual functioning, and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) assessed the mood disturbance of 19 women at baseline who completed follow-ups conducted posttreatment and three-month posttreatment. The results showed that the women improved significantly in their CSFQ total scores after being provided with the group therapy intervention at the posttreatment assessment (p < .01), and a statistical trend (p < .10) suggested continued improvement in CSFQ total scores at the three months posttreatment follow-up. Women's POMS total mood disturbance scores improved significantly at the posttreatment assessment (p = .01), but did not show significant improvement at the 3-month posttreatment follow-up. These results suggest that this group intervention achieved its main goal in treating sexual dysfunction as well as mood disturbance, but these improvements dissipated over time and may require further intervention in order to be maintained. 相似文献
934.
NaomiZack Zack 《The Journal of Ethics》2003,7(1):139-151
Positive law and problems with identifyingbeneficiaries confine reparations for U.S.slavery to the level of discourse. Within thediscourse, the broader topic of rectificationcan be addressed. The rectification of slaveryincludes restoring full humanity to our ideasof the slaves and their descendants and itrequires disabuse of the false biological ideaof race. This is not racial eliminativism,because biological race never existed, but moreimportantly because African American racialidentities and redress of present racism arebased on lifeworlds of race in contrast withwhich the biological idea has been an externalimposition. 相似文献
935.
Otake K Shimai S Tanaka-Matsumi J Otsui K Fredrickson BL 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2006,7(3):361-375
We examined the relationship between the character strength of kindness and subjective happiness (Study 1), and the effects
of a counting kindnesses intervention on subjective happiness (Study 2). In Study 1, participants were 175 Japanese undergraduate
students and in Study 2, participants were 119 Japanese women (71 in the intervention group and 48 in the control group).
Results showed that: (a) Happy people scored higher on their motivation to perform, and their recognition and enactment of
kind behaviors. (b) Happy people have more happy memories in daily life in terms of both quantity and quality. (c) Subjective
happiness was increased simply by counting one’s own acts of kindness for one week. (d) Happy people became more kind and
grateful through the counting kindnesses intervention. Discussion centers on the importance of kindness in producing subjective
happiness. 相似文献
936.
Huajie Liu 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2006,1(4):658-674
Considering the instability of nonlinear dynamics, the deductive inference rule Modus ponens itself is not enough to guarantee the validity of reasoning sequences in the real physical world, and similar results cannot
necessarily be obtained from similar causes. Some kind of stability hypothesis should be added in order to draw meaningful
conclusions. Hence, the uncertainty of deductive inference appears to be like that of inductive inference, and the asymmetry
between deduction and induction becomes unrecognizable such as to undermine the basis for the fundamental cleavage between
analytic truth and synthetic truth, as W. V. O. Quine pointed out. Induction is not inferior to deduction from a pragmatic
point of view. 相似文献
937.
Jeffrey N. Weatherly Jeri T. Nurnberger David P. Austin Carol L. Wright 《Learning and motivation》2006,37(4):379-390
Research has suggested that rats increase their response rate for a low-valued reinforcer when a high-valued reinforcer will soon be available (i.e., positive induction) because the value of the low-valued substance has increased. The present study tested if such a procedure could be used to increase rats’ responding for a non-reinforcing food. Rats pressed a lever for unsweetened lemon juice in the first half of a 50-min session and, in treatment conditions, for food pellets in the second half. Experiment 1 demonstrated that rates of responding for the lemon juice generally varied directly with the upcoming rate of food-pellet reinforcement and that responding in lemon juice-only sessions did not differ significantly from that observed during extinction. Experiment 2 demonstrated that rats consumed more lemon juice following a condition in which they were displaying positive induction than following a condition in which they only responded for lemon juice. The present results are consistent with the increase in value account of positive induction. More importantly, they may indicate that certain environmental conditions can increase food-directed behavior for a non-reinforcing food, a finding which may have implications for our understanding of eating behavior and dysfunctions (e.g., overeating). 相似文献
938.
Jason Eisner 《Cognitive Science》2002,26(3):255-268
In the Bayesian framework, a language learner should seek a grammar that explains observed data well and is also a priori probable. This paper proposes such a measure of prior probability. Indeed it develops a full statistical framework for lexicalized syntax. The learner's job is to discover the system of probabilistic transformations (often called lexical redundancy rules) that underlies the patterns of regular and irregular syntactic constructions listed in the lexicon. Specifically, the learner discovers what transformations apply in the language, how often they apply, and in what contexts. It considers simpler systems of transformations to be more probable a priori. Experiments show that the learned transformations are more effective than previous statistical models at predicting the probabilities of lexical entries, especially those for which the learner had no direct evidence. 相似文献
939.
Nicholas Maxwell 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2002,33(2):381-408
There is a need to bring about a revolution in the philosophy of science, interpreted to be both the academic discipline,
and the official view of the aims and methods of science upheld by the scientific community. At present both are dominated
by the view that in science theories are chosen on the basis of empirical considerations alone, nothing being permanently
accepted as a part of scientific knowledge independently of evidence. Biasing choice of theory in the direction of simplicity,
unity or explanatory power does not permanently commit science to the thesis that nature is simple or unified. This current
‘paradigm’ is, I argue, untenable. We need a new paradigm, which acknowledges that science makes a hierarchy of metaphysical
assumptions concerning the comprehensibility and knowability of the universe, theories being chosen partly on the basis of
compatibility with these assumptions. Eleven arguments are given for favouring this new ‘paradigm’ over the current one.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
940.
Educators from several states were surveyed to determine their perceptions about the importance of work performance recognition. Results suggested that educators want to receive recognition for their work performance and that recognition would assist in improving their overall work performance and professional development. Data from this study suggest that recognition of teacher performance may be a viable means for school administrators to improve teacher performance in a manner that is both effective and efficient. Implications and future research are discussed. 相似文献