Examining the Clinical Efficacy of Core Transformation: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This randomized clinical trial with a sample of adults (N = 129) from India explored the effects of a single core‐transformation session on symptom experience and psychological growth. The results over the total 8‐week study period indicated significant, moderate overall effect sizes (ds = 0.63 and 0.52) for symptom experience, emotional stability, affect balance, global well‐being, and purpose in life. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.     

积极的情绪能否促进多媒体学习?基于元分析的视角

在多媒体学习中,越来越多的研究者开始探究通过教学设计诱发的积极情绪能否达到增进教学效果、促进学习的目的。但诱发的积极情绪究竟能否影响学习者的学习效果和主观感受,以往实证研究的结果仍存在争议。本研究采用元分析技术,探讨多媒体学习背景下诱发的情绪对学习者学习效果和主观感受的影响。研究共纳入文献21篇,在积极情绪、保持成绩、迁移成绩上分别生成了24个（2454人）、28个（2658人）和27个（2447人）独立效应量。结果发现：相对中性情绪组,积极情绪组的确表现出更高的积极情绪（d=0.64）,学习者的保持成绩（d=0.25）、迁移成绩（d=0.30）、心理努力（d=0.21）和学习满意度（d=0.42）也更高;诱发的情绪对多媒体学习的影响效果在一定程度上受积极情绪诱导方式、外诱材料类型、呈现步调、学习材料时长的调节。     

Positive Emotional Experiences in Scottish and Italian Young Adults: a Diary Study

This research focused on the nature and frequency of positive emotion in a sample of Scottish and Italian young adults and is part of larger scale on-going cross-cultural studies on positive emotion, well-being and happiness. A total of 1043 positive incidents were collected from 157 students who completed diaries in the two countries. Positive incidents were frequent in the course of daily life and were triggered by a wide variety of personal, social and environmental antecedents. Although each culture had a very similar life-satisfaction rating some cultural differences in the phenomenology of positive incidents and their emotions still emerged. As hypothesised Italian and Scottish cultures differed in the domain of independence and interdependence. Italians reported more social interactions involving talking with another and intimacy with a significant other. The Scots, in contrast, reported positive feelings associated with relaxation and being alone as frequently as other social categories, thus exemplifying independence. Recording positive incidents, as they occur moment to moment deconstructs the global and retrospective study of subjective well-being and happiness and fulfills the necessity for ecologically valid research.     

大学生主观幸福感的跨文化研究:来自48个国家和地区的调查报告

旨在考察主观幸福感的基本状况,通过对来自48个国家和地区的10018名大学生被试施测《国际大学调查》(ICS)问卷(分A卷和B卷),对施测结果进行相关分析和回归分析,发现积极情感、消极情感、生活满意感、自我体验和外在准则都是主观幸福感的有效预测变量。在回归分析的基础上采用优势分析方法评估了主观幸福感各预测变量在预测主观幸福感时的相对重要性。优势分析结果表明,预测主观幸福感时积极情感最为重要,其次是生活满意感。这再一次验证主观幸福感主要是由情感和认知两方面预测的观点。     

积极错觉:基于进化论和社会互动的视角

积极错觉是积极心理学的一个重要研究领域,对于维持个体的身心健康至关重要。本文主要从进化论和社会互动论的视角对积极错觉进行阐述。从进化论的视角看,积极错觉有助于身心健康和认知适应; 从社会互动论视角看,积极错觉有助于维持良好的社会关系。未来的研究需要深化积极错觉的跨文化研究,重视对特殊群体积极错觉的研究,并加强积极错觉的应用研究和脑机制研究。     

积极心理干预是“新瓶装旧酒”吗?

积极心理干预是一系列基于积极心理学基本原理而开发的干预技术和干预活动的总称。“内容取向”和“机制取向”是其定义的主要观点, 目前主要有认识和运用积极特质、感知和欣赏积极体验、训练和养成积极思维、建立和维持积极关系四大基本策略。干预通过认知、情绪、行为、需求、脑神经等机制产生效果。活动、参与者、文化背景等因素也影响干预效果。未来研究需将内容取向与机制取向、独立运用与整合运用、效度原则和经济成本相结合。     

On motivational influences,moving beyond valence,and integrating dimensional and discrete views of emotion

ABSTRACT

The field of cognition and emotion has grown considerably over the past 30 years, with an increased emphasis on the relationships between emotional and motivational components and how they contribute to basic perceptual, cognitive, and neural processes. For instance, research has revealed that emotion often influences these processes via emotion’s relationship with motivational dimensions, as when positive emotions low versus high in approach motivational intensity have different influences on attentional and other cognitive processes. Research has also revealed that motivational direction (approach vs. withdrawal) and affective valence (positive vs. negative) are not as closely related as once was theorised; that is, positive affect is not inevitably associated with approach motivation and negative affect is not inevitably associated with withdrawal motivation. These and other lines of research with anger have suggested that the field needs to move beyond a focus on affective valence and it needs to consider an integration of dimensional and discrete models of emotion. The article also includes some suggestions for improving methods of measuring and inducing emotions and some recommendations for future researchers.     

Culture,morality, and the effect of prosocial behavior motivation on positive affect

We investigated the effect of culture, moral discourse, and motivation to engage in prosocial behavior on benefactors’ positive affect. Participants from three cultures (Japan, Romania, and the United States) responded to scenarios in which they could perform small acts of kindness for different targets. A stronger relationship between agentic and obligated motivation to perform acts of kindness, as well as between obligated motivation and positive affect, was observed for participants from Japan, and for individuals with higher endorsement of the Community Ethic. Agentic motivation to engage in prosocial behavior was related to benefactors’ positive affect, regardless of relationship type.     

Emotion dysregulation and posttraumatic stress disorder: a test of the incremental role of difficulties regulating positive emotions

Background and Objectives: Literature provides support for the role of emotion dysregulation in the development and course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, a dearth of studies have examined the contribution of emotion dysregulation stemming from positive emotions to PTSD. Extending research, the current study examined (1) the bivariate association of difficulties regulating positive emotions to PTSD symptom severity, and (2) the incremental role of difficulties regulating positive emotions in PTSD symptom severity beyond difficulties regulating negative emotions.

Design: Participants were 210 women victims of IPV involved in the criminal justice system because of their partners’ arrest (M age?=?36.14, 48.6% African American).

Methods: Participants completed empirically-supported self-report measures assessing difficulties regulating positive and negative emotions and PTSD symptom severity.

Results: Difficulties regulating positive and negative emotions (overall and across each of the specific dimensions) were significantly positively associated with PTSD symptom severity. Moreover, difficulties regulating positive emotions demonstrated an incremental relation to PTSD symptom severity beyond the variance accounted for by difficulties regulating negative emotions.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest the potential utility of targeting difficulties regulating positive emotions in interventions for PTSD among women victims of IPV.