On the time-course of adjacent and non-adjacent transposed-letter priming

We compared effects of adjacent (e.g. atricle-ARTICLE) and non-adjacent (e.g. actirle-ARTICLE) transposed-letter (TL) primes in an event-related potential (ERP) study using the sandwich priming technique. TL priming was measured relative to the standard double-substitution condition. We found significantly stronger priming effects for adjacent transpositions than non-adjacent transpositions (with two intervening letters) in behavioural responses (lexical decision latencies), and the adjacent priming effects emerged earlier in the ERP signal, at around 200-ms post-target onset. Non-adjacent priming effects emerged about 50 ms later and were short-lived, being significant only in the 250- to 300-ms time-window. Adjacent transpositions on the other hand continued to produce priming in the N400 time-window (300- to 500-ms post-target onset). This qualitatively different pattern of priming effects for adjacent and non-adjacent transpositions is discussed in the light of different accounts of letter transposition effects and the utility of drawing a distinction between positional flexibility and positional noise.     

Compliance and Problem-Solving Competence in Girls and Boys

The problem-solving abilities of 4- and 5-year old children (N = 208) were assessed to test the hypothesis that high levels of compliance are negatively related to problem solving. Problem-solving competence was examined with a task-specific measure and a standardized measure of general problem-solving performance. Low compliant children performed better on both measures. The role of compliance in the cognitive development of girls and boys is discussed.     

即刻学习判断的系列位置效应：内外部线索的影响

为了检验即刻学习判断对内外部线索的敏感性,实验一被试为22名高中生,材料为三列含15个词语的清单,先逐个呈现词语系列位置信息,被试在学习前进行即刻学习判断,结果发现学习判断有显著首因效应,表明学习判断对系列位置信息这一外部线索比较敏感。实验二被试为20名高中生,先逐个呈现词语系列位置信息,被试在学习后进行即刻学习判断,结果发现学习判断同样有显著首因效应,表明学习判断对内部线索的敏感性并未强于外部线索。     

创造性倾向对科学问题解决中原型位置效应的影响*

以科学发明创造题目为实验材料,采用“一对一”的实验范式,对创造性问题解决中的创造性倾向与原型位置效应的关系进行了探讨,实验考察了不同创造性倾向个体在创造性问题解决中的原型位置效应,创造性倾向包括想象力、冒险性、好奇性、挑战性四个因素,结果发现:创造性倾向总分、好奇性、挑战性对原型位置效应有影响,而且原型位置效应随着创造性倾向、好奇性、挑战性的降低而显著;想象力、冒险性对原型位置效应的影响不显著。     

自我与记忆

记忆的选择性或偏向性也许是稳定的人格特质——自尊的函数。一些研究者在个人记忆的研究范型及其理论模型的基础上．提出了针对自我概念的解决不一致——负向模型和忽视不一致——负向模型,以及针对双维整体自尊的心境一致性模型和相关模型。相应的实验研究结果支持忽视模型或相关模型,表明记忆的选择性也许发生的编码阶段。作者最后提出了记忆的选择性也许具有文化特异性的假设。     

儿童的工作记忆广度

针对儿童的工作记忆广度问题,介绍了国内外有关研究的方法及成果,并对影响儿童工作记忆广度的几个因素,如加工速度、领域特殊性和存储能力等进行了分析。     

邓小平伦理思想的独特地位——纪念邓小平诞辰100周年

邓小平伦理思想是继毛泽东伦理思想之后我们党和人民又一重大的伦理学成果和宝贵财富 ,它以改革开放的道德价值视野、“三个有利于”的道德价值取向和在“三个面向”中培养“四有新人”的理想关怀 ,贡献给了 2 0世纪马克思主义伦理思想宝库许多新的内容。邓小平伦理思想体现了解放思想 ,实事求是和与时俱进的理论特质 ,全面回答了在中国这样一个经济文化还比较落后的社会主义大国如何建设先进的现代化的伦理文化的问题 ,并以立足本国而又面向世界和未来的开放胆识昭示于世界伦理学之林