员工的核心自我评价与多维生活满意度的关系：感知社会支持的中介作用

本研究以245名企业员工为被试,从感知到的不同来源社会支持的角度探索了核心自我评价对员工生活满意度不同领域的作用机制。结果表明：（1）核心自我评价对家庭、朋友、工作和自我满意度均有显著的正向预测作用。（2）家庭支持在核心自我评价与家庭满意度之间起完全中介作用,在核心自我评价与自我满意度之间起部分中介作用;朋友支持在核心自我评价与朋友满意度之间起完全中介作用。研究表明,核心自我评价能直接预测生活满意度中的非关系型领域,能通过各类社会支持分别间接预测生活满意度中的各类关系型满意度。     

初二学生知觉到的教师期望、自我价值感与目标取向的关系研究

以274名初中二年级学生为被试,采用验证性因素分析和多元回归方法对教师期望、自我价值感及目标取向的关系进行研究。结果表明:(1)人口统计学变量(性别和班别)对教师期望、自我价值感及目标取向有影响。(2)教师期望与自我价值感和目标取向相关显著:积极效应与自我价值感及目标取向的各维度呈显著正相关,消极效应与自我价值感及目标取向各维度呈显著负相关。(3)在控制了人口统计学变量后,教师期望与自我价值感仍对目标取向各维度具有较强的预测作用。(4)自我价值感在教师期望对目标取向各维度的影响上起到了中介作用。     

重参数化的多分属性诊断分类模型及其判准率影响因素

多分属性比传统的二分属性提供更多更详细的诊断反馈信息, 符合对知识技能的多水平要求, 具有较好的应用前景。本文首先介绍了多分属性和多分Q矩阵的概念; 之后重参数化了3个分别满足连接、分离和补偿缩合规则的多分属性诊断分类模型并研究了其判准率影响因素, 结果发现它们的判准率(1)均随多分属性数量的增加而降低, 建议实际使用中不宜高于5个; (2)均随多分属性的最高水平数增加而降低, 建议实际使用中不宜高于4水平; (3)均随多分属性间统计相关性增加而增加, 但影响不大; (4)受多分属性层级结构的影响较大; (4)受被试量影响不大; (5)均随题目数量增加而增加且影响较大。最后, 针对“多分属性与多级评分的关系”和“多分属性与二分属性之间的关系”这两个问题进行了讨论。以期为实证研究者提供相关的理论支持和使用建议。     

Using personality and cognitive ability to predict academic achievement in a young adult sample

This study examined the relationship between cognitive ability, personality, and academic achievement in post-secondary students, using latent variable models. Testing both simple and complex relationships, we found that cognitive ability and personality predicted reading achievement independently, but that they interact when predicting math achievement - at least in the Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience domains.     

开放教育学生金钱态度与主观幸福感的关系:社会支持的中介作用

开放教育是高等教育的重要组成部分,加强开放教育学生学习的同时,提升其幸福指数,注重心理健康发展是开放教育的重要内容。文章采用《金钱态度量表》、《主观幸福感量表》、《社会支持量表》对开放大学系统 345名在校生进了调查并采用中介效应分析。结果表明,(1)社会支持、金钱态度和主观幸福感相关显著;(2)金钱态度因子金钱行为倾向对社会支持、总体幸福感及其因子回归效应显著; 社会支持在金钱行为倾向的基础上,对主观幸福感及其因子精力、对生活的满足和兴趣、对情感和行为的控制回归明显,同时在两者之间起了中介作用。说明金钱态度因子金钱行为倾向直接影响开放教育学生主观幸福感,另一方面通过社会支持影响开放远程教育学生主观幸福感。因此,建议开放教育从建立社会支持系统、师资队伍建设、心理健康教育、金钱观培养四方面着手,提升开放教育学生的幸福指数,促进其全面发展。     

Analysis of structural equation model with ignorable missing continuous and polytomous data

The main purpose of this article is to develop a Bayesian approach for structural equation models with ignorable missing continuous and polytomous data. Joint Bayesian estimates of thresholds, structural parameters and latent factor scores are obtained simultaneously. The idea of data augmentation is used to solve the computational difficulties involved. In the posterior analysis, in addition to the real missing data, latent variables and latent continuous measurements underlying the polytomous data are treated as hypothetical missing data. An algorithm that embeds the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm within the Gibbs sampler is implemented to produce the Bayesian estimates. A goodness-of-fit statistic for testing the posited model is presented. It is shown that the proposed approach is not sensitive to prior distributions and can handle situations with a large number of missing patterns whose underlying sample sizes may be small. Computational efficiency of the proposed procedure is illustrated by simulation studies and a real example.The work described in this paper was fully supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the HKSAR (Project No. CUHK 4088/99H). The authors are greatly indebted to the Editor and anonymous reviewers for valuable comments in improving the paper; and also to D. E. Morisky and J.A. Stein for the use of their AIDS data set.     

Interpolation and Definability in Guarded Fragments

The guarded fragment (GF) was introduced by Andréka, van Benthem and Németi as a fragment of first order logic which combines a great expressive power with nice, modal behavior. It consists of relational first order formulas whose quantifiers are relativized by atoms in a certain way. Slightly generalizing the admissible relativizations yields the packed fragment (PF). In this paper we investigate interpolation and definability in these fragments. We first show that the interpolation property of first order logic fails in restriction to GF and PF. However, each of these fragments turns out to have an alternative interpolation property that closely resembles the interpolation property usually studied in modal logic. These results are strong enough to entail the Beth definability property for GF and PF. Even better, every guarded or packed finite variable fragment has the Beth property. For interpolation, we characterize exactly which finite variable fragments of GF and PF enjoy this property.     

Studies of wheel-running reinforcement: parameters of Herrnstein's (1970) response-strength equation vary with schedule order

Six male Wistar rats were exposed to different orders of reinforcement schedules to investigate if estimates from Herrnstein's (1970) single-operant matching law equation would vary systematically with schedule order. Reinforcement schedules were arranged in orders of increasing and decreasing reinforcement rate. Subsequently, all rats were exposed to a single reinforcement schedule within a session to determine within-session changes in responding. For each condition, the operant was lever pressing and the reinforcing consequence was the opportunity to run for 15 s. Estimates of k and R(O) were higher when reinforcement schedules were arranged in order of increasing reinforcement rate. Within a session on a single reinforcement schedule, response rates increased between the beginning and the end of a session. A positive correlation between the difference in parameters between schedule orders and the difference in response rates within a session suggests that the within-session change in response rates may be related to the difference in the asymptotes. These results call into question the validity of parameter estimates from Herrnstein's (1970) equation when reinforcer efficacy changes within a session.     

Prediction and classification in nonlinear data analysis: Something old,something new,something borrowed,something blue

Prediction and classification are two very active areas in modern data analysis. In this paper, prediction with nonlinear optimal scaling transformations of the variables is reviewed, and extended to the use of multiple additive components, much in the spirit of statistical learning techniques that are currently popular, among other areas, in data mining. Also, a classification/clustering method is described that is particularly suitable for analyzing attribute-value data from systems biology (genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), and which is able to detect groups of objects that have similar values on small subsets of the attributes.This article is based on the Presidential Address Jacqueline Meulman gave on July 9, 2003 at the 68th Annual Meeting of the Psychometric Society held near Cagliari, Italy on the island of Sardinia.—Editor     

Response-independent milk delivery enhances persistence of pellet-reinforced lever pressing by rats

If, during training, one stimulus is correlated with a higher rate of reinforcement than another, responding will be more resistant to extinction in the presence of that higher rate signal, even if many of the reinforcers have been presented independently of responding. For the present study we asked if the response-independent reinforcers must be the same as the response-dependent reinforcers to enhance the response's persistence. Twelve Long-Evans hooded rats obtained 45-mg food pellets by lever pressing (variable-interval 100-s schedules) in the presence of two discriminative stimuli (blinking vs. steady lights) that alternated every minute during daily sessions. Also, in the presence of one of the stimuli (counterbalanced across rats), the rats received additional response-independent deliveries of sweetened condensed milk (a variable-time schedule). Extinction sessions were exactly like training sessions except that neither pellets nor milk were presented. Lever pressing was more resistant to extinction in the presence of the milk-correlated stimulus when (a) the size of the milk deliveries during training (under a variable-time 30 s schedule) was 0.04 ml (vs. 0.01 ml) and (b) 120-s or 240-s blackouts separated components. Response-independent reinforcers do not have to be the same as the response-dependent reinforcers to enhance persistence.