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711.
Recent advances in data recording technology have given researchers new ways of collecting on-line and continuous data for
analyzing input-output systems. For example, continuous response digital interfaces are increasingly used in psychophysics.
The statistical problem related to these input-output systems reduces to linking time-varying covariates to a continuous response
variate. Using real-time data obtained from an experiment in psychoacoustics, we showcase new statistical tools that incorporate
dynamical elements of an input-output system. We employ functional data analysis (FDA) methods and a simple differential equation
to analyze and model the continuous responses. Furthermore, we outline the issues involved in analyzing input-output systems
when the exact form of the underlying mathematical model is not known. Finally, we develop a calibration method to facilitate
inter-subject and intra-subject comparisons.
This work was supported by grants from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) to J. O. Ramsay and
to D. J. Levitin, and by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) to D. J. Levitin.
We would like to thank Bennett Smith for designing and implementing the software used to conduct the pitch tracking experiment.
Also, we wish to thank the research assistants in the Levitin Laboratory involved in the data collection: Catherine Chapados,
Andrew Schaaf and Carla Himmelman. We would also like to acknowledge Giles Hooker’s work on implementing the generalized profiling
software used within this paper. 相似文献
712.
The CHIC Model: A Global Model for Coupled Binary Data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Often problems result in the collection of coupled data, which consist of different N-way N-mode data blocks that have one or more modes in common. To reveal the structure underlying such data, an integrated modeling
strategy, with a single set of parameters for the common mode(s), that is estimated based on the information in all data blocks,
may be most appropriate. Such a strategy implies a global model, consisting of different N-way N-mode submodels, and a global loss function that is a (weighted) sum of the partial loss functions associated with the different
submodels. In this paper, such a global model for an integrated analysis of a three-way three-mode binary data array and a
two-way two-mode binary data matrix that have one mode in common is presented. A simulated annealing algorithm to estimate
the model parameters is described and evaluated in a simulation study. An application of the model to real psychological data
is discussed.
T. Wilderjans is a Research Assistant of the Fund for Scientific Research—Flanders (Belgium). The research reported in this
paper was partially supported by the Research Council of K.U. Leuven (GOA/2005/04). We are grateful to Kristof Vansteelandt
for providing us with an interesting data set. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. 相似文献
713.
A comparison of normative data for the Trail Making Test from several countries: equivalence of norms and considerations for interpretation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Trail Making Test may not be equivalent across cultures, i.e., differences in the scores across different cultures may not reveal real differences in the ability of the subjects on the construct being measured. In order to assess this hypothesis, normative samples from ten different countries were compared. Age decade subgroups across samples were ranked based on mean time taken to complete each part of the task. Large Z scores differences were found between these samples when comparing the first with the second, and the last in the rank. These differences were significant even when age and education were comparable across samples. Following Van de Vijver & Tanzer (1997), several possible sources of bias were identified. Incomparability of samples and administration differences were the most likely factors accounting for differences. Because of the lack of validity studies in the countries considered, no firm conclusions could be obtained regarding construct bias. Although the TMT may be measuring visual scanning, psychomotor speed and mental flexibility, normative data from different countries and cultures are not equivalent which might lead to serious diagnostic errors. 相似文献
714.
Hussong AM Cai L Curran PJ Flora DB Chassin LA Zucker RA 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(3):335-346
We tested whether children show greater internalizing symptoms when their parents are actively abusing alcohol. In an integrative data analysis, we combined observations over ages 2 through 17 from two longitudinal studies of children of alcoholic parents and matched controls recruited from the community. Using a mixed modeling approach, we tested whether children showed elevated mother- and child-reported internalizing symptoms (a) at the same time that parents showed alcohol-related consequences (time-varying effects), (b) if parents showed greater alcohol-related consequences during the study period (proximal effects), and (c) if parents had a lifetime diagnosis of alcoholism that predated the study period (distal effects). No support for time-varying effects was found; proximal effects of mothers' alcohol-related consequences on child-reported internalizing symptoms were found and distal effects of mother and father alcoholism predicted greater internalizing symptoms among children of alcoholic parents. Implications for the time-embedded relations between parent alcoholism and children's internalizing symptoms are discussed. 相似文献
715.
Valérie Siranyan 《Médecine & Droit》2019,2019(158):112-117
With the Internet and the artificial intelligence, the collection of personal data is becoming a strategic element for the digital economy. The collection of information touching the health or the body must respect the patients’ rights. The GDPR came into effect on May 25th, 2018. The healthcare professionals who are established in a Member state, must be careful because they can base their exercise on clinical or biological elements of their patients. 相似文献
716.
M. Rosie Shrout Randal D. Brown Terri L. Orbuch Daniel J. Weigel 《Personal Relationships》2019,26(3):490-506
Guided by stress process perspectives, this study conceptualizes marital conflict as a multidimensional stressor to assess how three aspects of conflict—frequency of disagreements, breadth of disagreements, and cumulative disagreements—impact subjective health. Longitudinal data of married couples spanning 16 years (n = 373 couples) were analyzed using multilevel modeling. For husbands, more frequent disagreements than usual within a given year were associated with poorer subjective health. For wives, the greater cumulative effects of disagreements over 16 years were harmful for subjective health. We discuss how gendered self‐representations and relationship power issues help explain the findings. This research demonstrated the importance of examining multiple aspects of marital conflict to reveal that their subjective health consequences function differently for wives and husbands. 相似文献
717.
Rotation forest (RoF) is an ensemble classifier combining linear analysis theories and decision tree algorithms. In recent existing works, RoF was widely applied to various fields with outstanding performance compared to traditional machine learning techniques, given that a reasonable number of base classifiers is provided. However, the conventional RoF algorithm suffers from classifying linearly inseparable datasets. In this study, a hybrid algorithm integrating kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and the conventional RoF algorithm is proposed to overcome the classification difficulty for linearly inseparable datasets. The radial basis function (RBF) is selected as the kernel for the KPCA method to establish the nonlinear mapping for linearly inseparable data. Moreover, we evaluate various kernel parameters for better performance. Experimental results show that our algorithm improves the performance of RoF with linearly inseparable datasets, and therefore provides higher classification accuracy rates compared with other ensemble machine learning methods. 相似文献
718.
Mariko Takagishi Michel van de Velden Hiroshi Yadohisa 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2019,72(3):401-425
Preference data, such as Likert scale data, are often obtained in questionnaire-based surveys. Clustering respondents based on survey items is useful for discovering latent structures. However, cluster analysis of preference data may be affected by response styles, that is, a respondent's systematic response tendencies irrespective of the item content. For example, some respondents may tend to select ratings at the ends of the scale, which is called an ‘extreme response style’. A cluster of respondents with an extreme response style can be mistakenly identified as a content-based cluster. To address this problem, we propose a novel method of clustering respondents based on their indicated preferences for a set of items while correcting for response-style bias. We first introduce a new framework to detect, and correct for, response styles by generalizing the definition of response styles used in constrained dual scaling. We then simultaneously correct for response styles and perform a cluster analysis based on the corrected preference data. A simulation study shows that the proposed method yields better clustering accuracy than the existing methods do. We apply the method to empirical data from four different countries concerning social values. 相似文献
719.
Davis Brown 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2019,58(3):570-590
Political secularization theories have predicted religion's decline in public and political life, and desecularization theories have predicted the reverse trend. However, there is little agreement on the timing of either phenomenon or even their existence. Until now, deep empirical tests of any of these were hampered by lack of historical country‐level data on religious preferences of governments (previously used data sets go back only to 1990). However, the new Government Religious Preference data set (GRP) measures state religion from 2015 back to the 1800s. Using GRP data, this article offers the first long‐term quantitative measurement of political secularization and in doing so, weighs in on competing claims regarding its timing. This article finds strong support that political secularization happened gradually over the long 19th century, accelerated after World War II, and peaked in the 1970s or 1980s. In contrast, the article finds only tepid support for the existence of political desecularization overall. 相似文献
720.
In this study we extend and assess the trifactor model for multiple-ratings data in which two different raters give independent scores for the same responses (e.g., in the GRE essay or to subset of PISA constructed-responses). The trifactor model was extended to incorporate a cross-classified data structure (e.g., items and raters) instead of a strictly hierarchical structure. we present a set of simulations to reflect the incompleteness and imbalance in real-world assessments. The effects of the rate of missingness in the data and of ignoring differences among raters are investigated using two sets of simulations. The use of the trifactor model is also illustrated with empirical data analysis using a well-known international large-scale assessment. 相似文献